目的 了解2~6岁拉萨市幼托儿童的生长发育和贫血情况,为西藏地区儿童健康促进提供科学依据。方法 选择2018年在西藏自治区妇幼保健院进行体检的1 995名2~6岁健康幼托儿童为研究对象,测量身高、体重、血红蛋白、血清铁等指标。结果 1 995名儿童中,男性1 016名(50.93%),3岁组儿童1 439名(72.13%),藏族儿童1 766名(88.52%)。低体重检出率22.06%,生长发育迟缓检出率8.37%,消瘦检出率1.45%,贫血检出率为68.57%。随着年龄增加,低体重率随之增加(χ2趋势=53.42,P<0.001),5~6岁低体重率最高,为34.84%。藏族儿童的低体重率(21.18%)显著低于非藏族儿童(28.82%)(χ2=6.89,P<0.01)。不同年龄组儿童贫血发生率差异有统计学意义(χ2=33.10,P<0.001),3岁组儿童贫血发生率最高,为69.28%。藏族儿童的贫血发生率(71.07%)高于非藏族儿童(49.34%)(χ2=49.95,P<0.001)。结论 幼托儿童低体重、生长发育迟缓、消瘦以及贫血的发生率整体较高,生长发育水平欠佳。建议结合藏区的饮食习惯和传统文化,提供针对性的幼儿饮食宣传教育,尤其增加含铁量高和促进铁吸收的食物摄入,促进幼儿良好的营养摄入和生长发育。
Abstract
Objective To understand the growth and development, and anemia among 2- to 6-year-old children registered in kindergartens in Lasa, so as to provide scientific reference for making health promotion policies. Methods Totally 1 995 children aged 2 to 6 years, who went to health examination for kindergarten entrance in 2018 in Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Tibet Autonomous Region, were enrolled in this study.Children's height, weight, hemoglobin and serum iron were measured. Results Among 1 995 children, 1 016(50.93%) were boys.Most children were 3 years old (1 439, 72.13%), and Tibetan (1 766, 88.52%).The overall prevalence rates of underweight, stunting, wasting and anemia were 22.06%, 8.37%, 1.45% and 68.57%, respectively.The prevalence of underweight increased with age ( χ2trend=53.42, P<0.001).The prevalence of underweight was 34.84%.Tibetan children had a lower prevalence rate of underweight than non-Tibetan children (21.18% vs 28.82%, χ2=6.89,P<0.01).The prevalence of anemia among different age groups were significantly different (χ2=33.10, P<0.001).The prevalence of anemia was highest (69.28%) among 3-year-old children.Tibetan children had a higher anemia prevalence than non-Tibetan children (71.07% vs.49.34%, χ2=49.95, P<0.001). Conclusions The overall prevalence of underweight, stunting, wasting and anemia are relatively high, and the growth and development is suboptimal.It is suggested to give targeted health education about appropriate feeding taking consideration of local Tibetan food culture.Moreover, food rich in iron or helpful to promote iron absorption should be especially encouraged.
关键词
藏族 /
儿童 /
低体重 /
贫血
Key words
Tibetan /
children /
underweight /
anemia
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