目的 通过比较公办学校与民工子第学校小学生的生长发育情况,了解两者的差异,为卫生决策提供科学依据。方法 以苏州市姑苏区公办学校和民工子弟学校10 311名6~12岁小学生作为研究对象,利用2018年体检数据计算岁均值、岁平均增长值,拟合同时期不同年龄组小学生的生长趋势曲线图、生长速度曲线图,利用均值比较、χ²检验等统计方法对两者的身高、体重及营养状况进行分析和比较。结果 1)公办学校、民工子弟学校男女生的身高、体重均呈增长趋势(P<0.001),且除女生体重外,突增峰值年龄分别一致;民工子弟学校小学生的年龄别身高、年龄别体重、岁增长峰值均低于公办学校。2)民工子弟学校8~12岁年龄组的男女生身高、8~9岁及11~12岁的男生体重、11岁年龄段的女生体重均低于公办学校(P<0.001)。3)民工子弟学校男生的正常率、女生的生长迟缓检出率高于公办学校(P<0.05),公办学校男女生的超重检出率均高于民工子弟学校(P<0.05)。结论 民工子弟学校小学生的生长发育水平低于公办学校,需多部门共同关注。

Objective To compare the growth and development of students in public schools and migrant workers' schools,and to understand the differences between them,so as to provide scientific basis for health decisions. Methods A total of 6 441 students from 3 public schools and 3 870 students from 4 migrant children's schools in Gusu District of Suzhou City as the research objects.Data of 2018 physical examination were used to calculate the mean age and the average growth value per year,thus to fit the growth trend curve and growth rate curve of students at different age groups in the same period.Height,weight and nutritional status were analyzed and compared between the two groups. Results 1) The height and weight of male and female students in public schools and schools for migrant workers were increasing (P<0.001),and the peak age of the sudden increase except from girls was respectively consistent.The age-specific height,age-specific weight,and year-on-year growth peaks of students in migrant schools were lower than those in public schools.2) In migrant school,the height of boys and girls at the age of 8-12 years,the weight of boys aged 8-9 years and 11-12 years,as well as the weight of girls at the age of 11 years old were significantly lower than those in public schools (P<0.001).3) The detection rate of normal development in boys of migrant schools was higher than that of public schools (P<0.05),and the detection rates of overweight in boys and girls in public schools were higher than those of migrant schools (P<0.05). Conclusion The growth and development level of students in migrant schools is lower than that of public schools,so the attention from multiple departments is required.