目的 探讨家长健康素养与学龄前儿童心理行为问题的关系,为学龄前儿童心理行为问题早期干预提供参考。方法 2018年5-7月采用分层整群随机抽样的方法,抽取深圳市光明区13所幼儿园4 120名学龄前儿童及其家长,使用长处与困难问卷(SDQ)家长版和深圳市居民健康素养问卷分别对学龄前儿童心理行为问题及家长健康素养水平进行调查;采用非条件Logistic回归分析家长健康素养与儿童心理行为问题的关系。结果 学龄前儿童心理行为问题检出率为34.9%(1 436/4 120)。其中困难总分6.5%、情绪问题5.6%、品行问题8.9%、多动注意不能13.4%、同伴交往问题14.4%、亲社会行为9.2%。男童和女童困难总分、情绪问题、品行问题、多动注意不能、同伴交往问题、亲社会行为检出率分别为7.3%和5.5%,4.8%和6.5%,9.7%和7.8%,15.5%和10.7%,15.8%和12.7%,11.1%和6.7%,差异有统计学意义(χ2值分别为5.626,5.506,4.212,19.846,7.650,23.863,P＜0.05)。多因素Logistic 回归分析显示,家长健康素养(OR=1.294)、健康知识(OR=1.293)、健康行为(OR=1.412)及健康技能(OR=1.193)水平低是学龄前儿童心理行为问题产生的危险因素(P＜0.05)。结论 学龄前儿童心理行为问题发生率较高,问题突出,家长健康素养水平低是学龄前儿童心理行为问题的重要影响因素。
Abstract
Objective To explore the relationship between the psychological behavior problems of preschool children and the health literacy of their parents, in order to provide reference for early intervention of children's psychological behavior problems. Methods Totally 4 120 preschool children and their parents were selected from 13 kindergartens in Guangming district of Shenzhen by stratified cluster random sampling method from May to July 2018. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and Shenzhen citizens' health literacy questionnaire were used for data collection. Logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationship between the psychological behavior problems of preschool children and their parental health literacy. Results The detection rate of psychological behavior problems among preschool children was 34. 9% (1 436/4 120), including 6. 5% reported total difficulties, 5. 6% experienced emotional problems, 8. 9% having conduct problems, 13. 4% exhibited hyperactivity/ inattention, 14. 4% experienced peer problems and 9. 2% having prosocial behaviors. The detection rate of total difficulties, emotional problems, conduct problems, hyperactivity/inattention, peer problems and prosocial behaviors among boys and girls were 7. 3% vs. 5. 5%, 4. 8% vs. 6. 5%, 9. 7% vs. 7. 8%, 15. 5% vs. 10. 7%, 15. 8% vs. 12. 7%, 11. 1% vs. 6. 7%, respectively, and the differences were statistically significant (χ2=5. 626, 5. 506, 4. 212, 19. 846, 7. 650, 23. 863, P＜0. 05) . Multiple regression indicated that the risk factors for psychological problems included the low parental health literacy(OR=1. 294), low basic concept of knowledge(OR=1. 293), low healthy behavior(OR=1. 412), and low basic health skills(OR=1. 193)(P＜0. 05). Conclusion Psychological behavior problems are prevalent among preschool children. And low parental health literacy is an important factor in preschool children's psychological behavior development.
关键词
学龄前儿童 /
心理行为 /
家长 /
健康素养
Key words
preschool children /
psychological behavior /
parental health literacy
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.content}}
参考文献
[1] Simonoff E,Elander J,Holmshaw J,et al. Predictors of antisocial personality continuities from childhood to adult life[J]. Br J Psychiatry,2004,184 (2):118-127.
[2] McGue M,Iacono WG. The association of early adolescent problem behavior with adult psychopathology[J]. Am J Psychiatry,2005,162 (6):1118-1124.
[3] Chorozoglou M,Smith E,Koerting J,et al. Preschool hyperactivity is associated with long-term economic burden:evidence from a longitudinal health economic analysis of costs incurred across childhood, adolescence and young adulthood[J]. J Child Psychol Psychiatry,2015,56(9):966-975.
[4] Berkman ND,Sheridan SL,Donahue KE,et al. Low health literacy and health outcomes:an updated systematic review[J]. Ann Intern Med,2011,155(2):97-107.
[5]Tokuda Y,Doba N,Butler JP,et al.Health literacy and physical and psychological wellbeing in Japanese adults[J].Patient Educ Couns,2009,75(3):411-417.
[6] DeWalt DA, Dilling MH,Rosenthal MS,et al. Low parental literacy is associated with worse asthma care measures in children[J]. Ambul Pediatr,2007,7(1):25-31.
[7] Chari R,Warsh J,Ketterer T,et al. Association between health literacy and child and adolescent obesity[J]. Patient Educ Couns,2014,94(1):61-66.
[8] 寇建华,杜亚松,夏黎明. 儿童长处和困难问卷(父母版)上海常模的信度和效度[J].上海精神医学,2005,17(1):25-28.
[9] 刘书君.长处和困难问卷(SDQ)中文版的信度和效度研究[D].成都:四川大学,2006.
[10] 深圳市健康教育促进中心. 深圳市民健康素养监测报告(2014)[M].广州:广东教育出版社,2016:9-51.
[11] 黄广文,吴虹,刘智昱,等. 1280名3～6岁儿童情绪与行为问题调查研究[J].中国儿童保健杂志,2012,20(7):595-597,603.
[12] 王硕,赫英英,田甜,等. 山东省农村3～6岁儿童情绪和行为问题调查分析[J].中国儿童保健杂志,2014,22(6):583-585,590.
[13] 汪燕妮,薛红丽,陈倩. 家庭亲密度和适应性对学龄前儿童行为问题的影响[J]. 中国当代儿科杂志,2016,18(5):421-425.
[14] 王燕,殷刚柱,郭锋,等. 合肥市学龄前儿童心理行为问题现况[J].中国学校卫生,2018,39 (4):543-545.
[15] Bathory E,Tomopoulos S,Rothman R,et al. Infant sleep and parent health literacy[J]. Acad Pediatr,2016,16(6):550-557.
[16] Khuu BP,Lee HY,Zhou AQ,et al. Healthcare providers' perspectives on parental health literacy and child health outcomes among Southeast Asian American immigrants and refugees[J].Child Youth Serv Rev,2016,67:220-229.
[17] Yin HS,Sanders LM,Rothman RL,et al. Parent health literacy and "obesogenic" feeding and physical activity-related infant care behaviors[J].J Pediatr,2014,164(3):577-583.
[18] Cheng ER,Bauer NS,Downs SM,et al. Parent health literacy, depression, and risk for pediatric injury[J]. Pediatr,2016,138(1):e20160025.
[19] 刘永兵,李慧,张玉凤,等.养老机构老年人健康素养与身体健康和心理健康状况的关系[J].中国慢性病预防与控制,2014,22(2):148-151.
[20] 张杰,王美芳. 母亲心理健康、教养行为与幼儿焦虑的关系[J].中国心理卫生杂志,2009,23(5):353-357.
基金
深圳市卫生计生系统科研项目(SZFZ2018041)
PDF(534 KB)
