目的 了解上海市4区0~5岁儿童的生长发育水平和营养状况,为本地区儿童健康促进和营养改善工作提供科学依据。方法 采用分层整群随机抽样选择上海市4个区的12个社区卫生服务中心作为调查点,以2018年7月-2019年4月前往调查点进行健康体检的0~5岁儿童及其监护人作为调查对象进行健康体检和问卷调查。采用2006年世界卫生组织制定的Z评分法进行评价。结果 除36~60月龄组外,其余各月龄组男童身长/高、体重均大于女童(P<0.05);女童HAZ值在各月龄组间比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=15.166,P=0.004),不同月龄组男女童WAZ值及WHZ值差异均有统计学意义(男童χ2WAZ=25.192、χ2WHZ=25.368;女童χ2WAZ=24.378,χ2WHZ=24.690,P＜0.001)。生长迟缓、低体重、消瘦、超重和肥胖儿童检出率分别为3.4%,2.0%,2.0%,11.4%和9.5%。结论 上海市4区0~5岁儿童生长发育总体水平正常,仍存在生长迟缓、低体重和消瘦等营养不良问题,超重和肥胖问题突出,应加强本地区儿童健康促进和营养改善工作。
Abstract
Objective To investigate the growth development and nutritional status of children aged 0-5 years in 4 districts of Shanghai,in order to provide scientific basis for children′s health promotion and nutrition improvement in this region. Methods Stratified cluster random sampling was used to selected 12 community health service centers in 4 districts of Shanghai as survey points,0- to 5-year-old children and their guardians who went to the survey points for physical examination from July 2018 to April 2019 were selected as subjects for health check-up and questionnaires.Z-score method recommended by the 2006 WHO was used for evaluation. Results Except for the 36-60 months old group,the length/height and weight of boys in other age groups were larger than those of girls(P＜0.05).There were significant differences on HAZ values among girls of different age groups(χ2=15.166,P=0.004).There were significant differences on WAZ and WHZ values between boys and girls in different age groups(boys:χ2WAZ=25.192,χ2WHZ=25.368,girls:χ2WAZ=24.378,χ2WHZ=24.690,P＜0.001).The detection rates of stunting,underweight,wasting,overweight and obese children were 3.4%,2.0%,2.0%,11.4% and 9.5%,respectively. Conclusions The overall level of growth and development of children aged 0-5 years in 4 districts of Shanghai is averaged,while stunting,underweight and wasting are continuing,overweight and obesity have been the most serious problem.Thus,it is supposed to strengthen children′s health promotion and nutrition improvement.
关键词
营养状况 /
生长发育 /
Z评分 /
儿童
Key words
nutritional status /
growth and development /
Z-score /
children
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.content}}
参考文献
[1] Baker P,Friel S.Food systems transformations,ultra-processed food markets and the nutrition transition in Asia[J].Global Health,2016,12(1):80.
[2] Kimenju SC,Qaim M.The nutrition transition and indicators of child malnutrition[J].Food Security,2016,8(3):571-583.
[3] Choy CC,Desai MM,Park JJ,et al.Child,maternal and household-level correlates of nutritional status:a cross-sectional study among young Samoan children[J].Public Health Nutrition,2017,20(7):1235-1247.
[4] Jacob A,Thomas L,Stephen K,et al.Nutritional status and intellectual development in children:A community-based study from rural Southern India[J].Natl Med J India,2016,29(2):82-84.
[5] Ling J,Robbins LB,Wen F.Interventions to prevent and manage overweight or obesity in preschool children:A systematic review[J].Int J Nurs Stud,2016,53:270-289.
[6] 全明辉,陈佩杰,何晓龙.上海市3~6岁学龄前儿童超重、肥胖率调查--基于2010年国民体质监测[J].中国运动医学杂志,2014,33(11):1047-1053.
[7] 戎芬,黄品贤,宋花玲,等.上海市学龄前儿童超重肥胖现况及影响因素分析[J].数理医药学杂志,2018,31(1):51-54.
[8] 尚煜,李进华,闫承生,等.河北省5岁以下儿童生长发育Z评分及营养状况评价[J].中国儿童保健杂志,2011,19(10):933-935.
[9] 何发勤.儿童体格发育Z评分分析法[J].预防医学情报杂志,1994,10(2):91-92.
[10] UNICEF.WHO Child Growth Standards and the Identification of Severe Acute Malnutrition in Infants and Children:A Joint Statement by the World Health Organization and the United Nations Children′s Fund [R].Geneva:World Health Organization,2009.
[11] WHO.WHO Child Growth Standards:Length/Height-for-Age,Weight-for-Age,Weight-for-Length,Weight-for-Height and Body Mass Index-for-Age[EB/OL].https://www.who.int/childgrowth/en/?frbrVersion=2,2006/2019.
[12] de onis M, Blössner M. The World Health Organization Global Database on Child Growth and Malnutrition:methodology and applications[J].Int J Epidemiol,2003,32(4):518-526.
[13] 赵文芝,赵艾,马德福,等.中国9地区3～12岁儿童生长发育Z评分分析[J].中国儿童保健杂志,2015,23(9):920-923.
[14] 国家卫生健康委员会.2018中国卫生健康统计年鉴[M].北京:中国协和医科大学出版社,2018.
[15] 马文娜,张秀军.安庆市开发区0～3岁儿童生长发育Z评分及营养状况评价[J].中国儿童保健杂志,2018,26(9):1010-1013.
[16] de Onis M, Martorell R, Garza C, et al.WHO Child Growth Standards based on length/height,weight and age[J].Acta Paediatr,2010,95(Suppl 450):76-85.
[17] 陈欣,孟亚杰,汪桂芹,等.大兴安岭地区学龄前儿童生长发育指标评价[J].中国儿童保健杂志,2015,23(2):203-206.
[18] 房红芸,于冬梅,郭海军,等.2013年中国0～5岁儿童营养不良流行现状[J].营养学报,2018,40(06):36-39,44.
[19] 国家统计局.2017年《中国妇女发展纲要(2011-2020年)》统计监测报告[N].中国信息报,2018-11-12(001).
[20] 中国营养学会.国民营养计划(2017-2030年)[J].营养学报,2017,39(4):315-320.
[21] 中华人民共和国卫生部.中国0～6岁儿童营养发展报告(节录)[J].营养学报,2013,35(1):1-4.
[22] Brogan K,Danford C,Yeh Y,et al.Cardiovascular disease risk factors are elevated in urban minority children enrolled in head start[J].Childhood Obesity,2014,10(3):207-213.
[23] Chuanming W,Chan JSY,Lijie R,et al.Obesity reduces cognitive and motor functions across the lifespan[J].Neural Plast,2016,2016:1-13.
[24] Graversen L,Sørensen TI,Petersen L,et al.Preschool weight and body mass index in relation to central obesity and metabolic syndrome in adulthood[J].PLoS ONE,2014,9(3):e89986.
[25] Xiao Y,Qiao Y,Pan L,et al.Trends in the prevalence of overweight and obesity among Chinese preschool children from 2006 to 2014[J].PLoS ONE,2015,10(8):e134466.
[26]Hassanzadeh-Rostami Z,Kavosi E,Nasihatkon A.Overweight and obesity among preschool children from fars province of iran:prevalence and associated factors[J].J Res Health Sci,2016,16(1):26.
[27] Do LM,Tran TK,Eriksson B,et al.Prevalence and incidence of overweight and obesity among Vietnamese preschool children:a longitudinal cohort study[J].BMC Pediatr,2017,17(1):150.
PDF(690 KB)
