孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)是一组神经发育障碍性疾病, 主要表现为社会情感互动、语言和非言语交流障碍, 不能建立和发展伙伴关系, 影响社会性发展。传统的诊断工具如《孤独症诊断观察量表-修订版》、《孤独症诊断访谈量表》以及干预措施如应用行为分析法、结构化教育、社交故事等虽已应用于临床, 但ASD的早期精准诊断与治疗仍面临各种挑战。人工智能的发展将临床医学带入智能时代, 人工智能在医学领域的应用为ASD的诊断时效性和精准性以及其核心症状的改善提供广阔前景。不足的医疗资源, 昂贵的治疗成本等因素导致的ASD康复难题将由于人工智能的介入而有望得以解决。本文查阅近年文献, 从机器学习、虚拟现实技术、机器人介导下的ASD干预以及人工智能在ASD康复领域中应用的伦理学和发展前景四方面进行论述。
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a series of neurodevelopmental diseases with retarding social-emotional interaction, language and nonlinguistic communication, as well as fellowship with peers, resulting in inferior social development.Conventional diagnostic instruments such as Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-Revised (ADOS-R) and Autism Diagnostic Interview (ADI-R) have been used in screening, and methods of Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA), Treatment and Education of Autistic and Communication Handicapped Children (TEACCH), as well as Social Story have been applied in treatments.However, great challenges are still in front of the facts of early accurate diagnosis and workable intervene with ASD.Rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) has led medicine into a smart age.With the application of AI in medicine, ASD have the potential to be identified timely and accurately, and get progress in treatment in the core symptoms.Meanwhile, AI also makes it possible to better resolve the issues of inadequate medical resources and large treatment costs.This article has reviewed recent literature on AI in ASD and unveiled the research results related to machine learning, virtue reality technology, robot--mediated intervention, and the ethics and prospect of AI in autism rehabilitation.
关键词
孤独症谱系障碍 /
人工智能 /
机器人介导的干预 /
虚拟现实技术 /
伦理学
Key words
autism spectrum disorder /
artificial intelligence /
robot-mediated intervention /
virtual reality technology /
ethics
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基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目(81371900);陕西省科技攻关资助项目(2013SF2-09);陕西省自然科学基础研究计划资助项目(2009JM4030);陕西中医药大学中西医结合防治脑发育障碍性疾病创新团队资助项目(陕中大学科办[2018]1号)
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