目的 探讨儿童功能性便秘的相关因素及其对气质、社会适应能力的影响,进一步为功能性便秘的诊断及干预提供资料及依据。方法 采用自制的儿童功能性便秘相关因素调查问卷表、3~7岁儿童气质量表、婴幼儿-初中生社会适应能力量表,选择2018年9月-2019年5月,年龄在3~5岁,因排便困难、排便不畅且符合儿童功能性便秘罗马Ⅳ诊断标准的103例患儿作为研究对象,同时选择来安徽医科大学附属省儿童医院门诊正常体检的94名健康儿童作为对照组。结果 蔬菜水果食用少、饮水量少、运动量少、早期未进行排便训练、排便过失责备儿童、玩玩具时憋便是功能性便秘发生的相关危险因素(OR值分别为8.154、6.653、2.728、0.251、18.620、6.732,P＜0.05)。气质维度方面,功能性便秘患儿与对照组儿童的规律性、趋避性评分差异有统计学意义(t=-10.48,-10.33,P＜0.05)。在社会适应能力方面,功能性便秘患儿与对照组儿童的独立生活能力、集体活动能力评分差异有统计学意义(t=6.71,-3.03,P＜0.05)。结论 饮食习惯的调整、加强运动量、早期排便训练及精神压力的缓解对预防功能性便秘的发生具有较好的作用。除此之外,功能性便秘对儿童的心理行为发育及社会适应能力产生影响,家长应给予耐心的鼓励和引导,帮助患儿树立信心,不仅对功能性便秘的治疗会有更好的效果,也促进了儿童身心健康的全面发展。

Objective To explore the related factors of functional constipation in children and its effects on temperament and social adaptability,in order provide data and basis for the diagnosis and intervention of functional constipation. Methods A self-designed child functional constipation related factors questionnaire,3-to 7-Year-Old Children's Temperament Scale, and Infants and Young Children - Junior High School Students Social Adaptability Scale were used in this study. Totally 103 children aged 3-5 years old who had difficulty in defecating and met the Roman Ⅳ diagnostic criteria for children's functional constipation were selected as research objects from September 2018 to May 2019. Meanwhile,94 healthy children who came to the outpatient department of Children's Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University for normal physical examination were selected as the control group. Results Less consumption of fruits and vegetables,less water,less exercise,no defecation training,blaming children for defecation mistakes,and holding back while playing toys were the risk factors for functional constipation(OR=8. 154,6. 653,2. 728,0. 251,18. 620,6. 732,P＜0. 05). In terms of temperament dimension,there was a significant difference on regularity and phobotaxis score between children with functional constipation and children in the control group (t=-10. 48,-10. 33,P<0. 05). In terms of social adaptability,there were significant differences on independent living ability and collective activity ability between children with functional constipation and children in the control group (t=6. 71,-3. 03,P<0. 05). Conclusions The adjustment of eating habits,strengthening the amount of exercise,early defecation training and relieving mental pressure have a good effect on preventing the occurrence of functional constipation. In addition,functional constipation has an impact on children's psychological and behavioral development and social adaptability. Parents should patiently encourage and guide the children to help them build up confidence,which will not only have better effects on the treatment of functional constipation,but also promote the comprehensive development of children's physical and mental health.