目的 了解城市地区家长的育儿压力水平及学龄前儿童焦虑症状水平,分析育儿压力与学龄前儿童焦虑症状的关联性。方法 2017年6月采取方便整群抽样,从城市地区的3所幼儿园共抽取1 107名3~6岁儿童,对其家长开展问卷调查。采用Spence学前儿童焦虑量表评估3~6岁儿童的焦虑症状水平。采用简式育儿压力评定量表测量亲子关系中的育儿压力。结果 城市地区学龄前儿童总的焦虑症状阳性检出率为3.3%(34/1 107),其中广泛性焦虑、社交性焦虑、分离性焦虑的症状阳性检出率为3.1%、3.7%和3.1%。儿童焦虑症状阳性组的家长各维度的育儿压力均显著高于无焦虑症状的儿童家长(P<0.01)。多因素回归显示,家长感到育儿愁苦和困难儿童的压力水平与儿童焦虑症状呈正相关(B=-0.17,P<0.01;B=-0.46,P<0.01);儿童3岁前花费越少,儿童焦虑症状水平越高(B=-1.14,P=0.01),相反儿童3岁后花费越高,儿童焦虑症状水平越高(B=1.19,P=0.02)。结论 家长的育儿压力和家庭对儿童直接的经济投入与儿童焦虑症状水平呈显著相关,并受到儿童年龄的交互影响。
Abstract
Objective To know about the levels of parenting stress and anxiety symptoms in preschoolers, and to explore the associations between them. Methods A total of 1107 children aged 3 to 6 years were recruited from 3 kindergartens in urban areas by convenient cluster sampling in June 2017, and their parents were asked to fill out the questionnaire. The anxiety symptoms were assessed by Spence Preschool Anxiety Scale, and the parenting stress were assessed by short version of Parenting Stress Index 4/PST-4-SF. Results The overall prevalence of anxiety symptoms in preschoolers was 3. 3%(34/1 107). The prevalence of generalized anxiety symptoms, social anxiety symptoms and separation anxiety symptoms in preschoolers were 3. 1%, 3. 7% and 3. 1%. Parenting stresses with positive anxiety symptoms in preschoolers were significantly higher than those with negative anxiety symptoms(P＜0. 01). Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that the parental distress and difficult child were positively correlated with the level of anxiety symptoms in preschoolers (B=-0. 17,-0. 46, P<0. 01). The less cost in children under 3 years old, the higher level of anxiety symptoms in children would be(B=-1. 14,P=0. 01). On the contrary, the higher the cost after three years of age, the more anxiety symptoms in children (B=1. 19, P=0. 02). Conclusion Parenting stress and family's costs on children in different age stages have significantly positive association with children's anxiety symptoms.
关键词
焦虑 /
育儿压力 /
学龄前儿童
Key words
anxiety /
parenting stress /
preschoolers
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.content}}
参考文献
[1] 曹枫林,覃倩,余昆容,等.儿童焦虑障碍症状与父母养育方式的关系[J].中国临床心理学杂志,2006,14(6):599-601.
[2] Hudson JL, Dodd HF. Informing early intervention: preschool predictors of anxiety disorders in middle childhood[J]. PLoS ONE,2012,7(8): e42359.
[3] Li ST, Chiu NC, Kuo YT, et al. Parenting stress in parents of children with refractory epilepsy before and after vagus nerve stimulation implantation[J]. Pediatr Neonatol, 2017, 58(6):515-522.
[4] Spence SH, Rapee RM, McDonld C, et al. The structure of anxiety symptoms among preschoolers. [J]. Behav Res Ther, 2001,39(11):1293-1316.
[5] 严琼,唐静芳,童连.户籍与流动学龄前儿童焦虑症状的相关因素研究[J].中国儿童保健杂志,2019,27(5):535-538.
[6] 王惠梅,吴国连,石秋霞,等.学龄前儿童分离性焦虑与家庭养育环境和社会生活能力关系的探讨[J].中国药物与临床,2017,17(8):1136-1139.
[7] 王美芳, 赵金霞, 白文. 学前儿童焦虑量表中文版的测量学分析[J]. 中国临床心理学杂志, 2009,17(1):21-23.
[8] 耿岚,柯晓燕,薛晴, 等.婴儿母亲育儿压力及相关影响因素分析[J].中国医学文摘-儿科学分册,2008,27(6):457-459.
[9] Li L, Wang M. Parenting stress and harsh discipline in China: the moderating roles of marital satisfaction and parent gender[J]. Child Abuse Neglect, 2015,43:73-82.
[10] 石秋霞,吴国连,魏晓娟,等.学龄前儿童广泛性焦虑与家庭养育环境和社会生活能力的关系探讨[J].中国儿童保健杂志,2016,24(9):920-923.
[11] Paulus FW, Backes A, Sander CS, et al. Anxiety disorders and behavioral inhibition in preschool children: a population-based study[J]. Child Psychiat Hum D,2015,46(1):150-157.
[12] 郝金莲,陈素芬,贺彦丽,等.学龄前儿童焦虑情绪与父母亲职压力的关联分析[J].中国儿童保健杂志,2014,22(3):324-326.
[13] Rodriguez CM. Association between independent reports of maternal parenting stress and children's internalizing symptomatology[J]. J Child Fam Stud,2011,20(5): 631-639.
[14] 严琼,童连.家庭社会经济地位与养育者育儿压力城乡差异比较[J].中国妇幼保健,2019,34(8):1694-1699.
[15] 刘维韦,娄海琴,付路,等.南通市学龄前儿童母亲育儿压力与家庭社会资本的相关性研究[J].现代预防医学,2018,45(22):4083-4085,4093.
[16] 吴国连,白丽霞,石秋霞,等.学龄前儿童焦虑与行为问题关系的探讨[J].中国妇幼健康研究,2016,27(10):1173-1176.
[17] 周扬. 母亲焦虑、教养方式与幼儿焦虑的关系[D].济南:山东师范大学,2014.
[18] Segrin C, Woszidlo A, Givertz M, et al. The association between overparenting, parent-child communication, and entitlement and adaptive traits in adult children[J]. Fam Relat,2012,61(2):237-252.
[19] 魏晓娟,石秋霞,吴国连,等.学龄前儿童社交焦虑与家庭养育环境和社会生活能力关系的探讨[J].山西医药杂志,2018,47(1):14-16.
[20] 王柳. 3~6岁儿童焦虑与父母教养方式的关系[D].西安:陕西师范大学,2018.
[21] 戴家振,洪琴,张敏,等.南京市城区学龄前儿童母亲育儿压力影响因素分析[J].中国儿童保健杂志,2013,21(10):1035-1038.
[22] 杨园园,梁爽,陈华.某医学院校女职工育儿压力及影响因素的调查研究[J].中国高等医学教育,2015,29(10):42-43.
基金
上海市公共卫生重点学科建设计划(15GWZK0402)
PDF(617 KB)
