目的 分析出生体重(BW)对学龄前儿童生长水平的影响,探讨宫内生长对儿童期体格生长的影响。方法 数据来源于2005年6-10月实施的“中国九市7岁以下儿童体格发育调查研究”,用分层整群抽样方法,在9个城市选择城区健康儿童50 076名。将研究对象按BW分为4组,比较不同组之间儿童的生长水平,及身材矮小、低体重、超重和肥胖检出率。结果 1)BW与儿童期生长水平正相关:BW≥4.00 kg 组儿童的平均身高较2.50 kg~组高出约3~4 cm,平均体重超出约1.5~2.5 kg,组间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001)。2)儿童期生长轨迹存在“趋中”现象:不同BW组的身高、体重水平在婴儿早期差距较大,随年龄增长差距逐渐缩小,但不同组生长轨迹迁移的程度不同:BW2.50 kg~组的身高、体重随年龄增长向上迁移,平均升高25.8和23.8个百分位;3.00 kg~组和3.50 kg~组生长水平变化较小;BW≥4.00 kg组身高、体重向下迁移,降低34.2和31.9个百分位。3)BW较低的组,矮小和低体重的检出率高,四组矮小检出率分别为4.0%、1.8%、1.0%、0.4%,低体重率为4.9%、2.0%、0.6%、0.45% ;BW较高的组,超重、肥胖率较高,四组的超重率分别为6.0%、10.5%、16.4%、25.7%,肥胖率为0.9%、1.9%、4.0%、8.3%,组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。 结论 BW与儿童期身高、体重水平呈正相关,生长轨迹存在一定程度 “趋中”现象。对BW小于3.0 kg和大于4.0 kg的儿童应密切监测,预防日后矮小、低体重及超重肥胖的发生。
Abstract
Objective To investigate the effect of birth weight(BW) on the growth of children under 7 years old,and to explore the effect of intrauterine growth on physical growth in childhond. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in nine cities of Beijing,Harbin,Xi′an,Wuhan,Nanjing,Shanghai,Guangzhou,Fuzhou and Kunming from June to October in 2005.A stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 50 076 healthy children in urban areas.The subjects were divided into four groups according to their BW.The growth level,migration degree of growth trajectory and the incidence of short stature,low weight,overweight and obesity were compared among different BW groups. Results 1) Children with higher BW were always at a high growth level.The BW≥4.00 kg group was 3-4 cm higher and 1.5-2.5 kg heavier than BW<3.00 kg group,and the difference was significant (P<0.001).2) There was a neutralization phenomenon on children′s growth trajectory. The height and weight of different BW groups had a large gap in early infancy,and the gap gradually decreased with age. But the degree of migration of the growth trajectory in different groups was different. The height and weight of the group with BW of 2.50 kg- migrated upwards with age,with an average increase of 25.8 and 23.8 percentiles. The growth level of the groups with BW of 3.00 kg- and 3.50 kg- changed less. The height and weight of the BW≥4.00 kg group moved downward,with an average decrease of 34.2 and 31.9 percentiles.3) The detection rates of short stature and underweight in lower BW group were higher,the detection rates of short stature in these four groups were 4.0%,1.8%,1.0%,0.4%,and the underweight rates were 4.9%,2.0%,0.6% and 0.45%.The overweight rates in four groups were 6.0%,10.5%,16.4%,25.7%,obesity rates were 0.9%,1.9%,4.0%,8.3%,respectively,and there were significant differences among the four groups(P<0.001). Conclusion Children with higher BW are always at a high growth level,and the growth trajectory also have a neutralization phenomenon to some extent.However,children with BW higher than 4.0 kg or lower than 3.0 kg should be paid more attention in order to prevent incidence of short stature,wasting,overweight and obesity.
关键词
出生体重 /
生长轨迹 /
身高 /
体重
Key words
birth weight /
growth level /
height /
weight
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基金
国家卫生和计划生育委员会妇幼健康服务司委托项目(2015-42)
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