目的 研究宝鸡市区7～18岁儿童青少年生长发育及营养现况,为改善中小学生生长发育和营养状况提供科学依据。方法 随机抽取宝鸡市区7～18岁27 114名儿童青少年,测量身高和体重,计算体重指数(BMI)。依据2009年九省/市数据制定的标准评估营养情况。结果 除10~至12~岁,男生身高显著高于女生(P<0.05);各年龄段男生体重均显著高于女生(P<0.05);除15~、16~岁,各年龄段男生BMI值显著高于女生(P<0.05)。男生14岁、女生12岁后身高显著高于全国水平,而10岁前全国水平高于本地男、女生身高(P<0.05);男生10岁后、女生各年龄段体重均显著高于全国水平(P<0.05);各年龄段男、女生BMI均值显著高于全国水平(P<0.05)。生长迟缓、低体重、消瘦、超重和肥胖的检出率分别为2.6%、1.5%、9.1%、13.7%和8.5%,男生检出率均显著高于女生(P<0.05)。各学龄组间生长迟缓、低体重、消瘦和肥胖检出率差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论 宝鸡市区儿童青少年存在营养双重负担,超重/肥胖率高于营养不良1.6倍,应有针对性的防控。

Objective To evaluate the physical growth and nutritional status of children and adolescents aged 7 to 18 years in Baoji, in order to provide scientific basis for improving growth and development as well as nutrition status of children and adolescents. Methods Totally 27 114 children and adolescents aged 7 to 18 years were randomly selected from Baoji city.Height and weight were measured, and body mass index(BMI) was calculated.The nutritional situation was assessed on the basis of the criteria developed by the data of the nine provinces/municipalities in 2009. Results Except for 10 to 12 years old, the height of boys was higher than that of girls in other age groups(P<0.05). The weight of boys was higher than that of girls at all age groups(P<0.05). Except for 15-and 16-years old,the BMI of boys was higher than that of girls in other age groups(P<0.05).The height of boys more than 14 years old and girls more than 12 years old were significantly higher than those of the whole country, but the national level was higher before the age of 10(P<0.05).The weight of boys more than 10 years old and girls of all ages were higher than those of the whole country(P<0.05).The BMI of boys and girls in all age groups were higher than those of the national level(P<0.05).The detection rates of stunting,underweight, wasting,overweight and obesity were 2.6%,1.5%,9.1%,13.7% and 8.5%,respectively.And the prevalence of boys were higher than those of girls(P<0.05).There were significant differences on the prevalence of stunting,underweight,wasting and obesity among different school age groups(P<0.001). Conclusion There is a double burden of nutrition among children and adolescents in Baoji city, and the rate of overweight/obesity is 1.6 times higher than that of malnutrition,which should be given targeted prevention and control.