目的 了解某孤儿院回族女性孤儿的人格特征及自我意识状况,为进一步的心理干预提供科学依据。方法 于2014年2-5月采用一般情况调查表、艾森克人格问卷(EPQ儿童版)、Piers-Harris儿童自我意识量表(PHCSS)对孤儿院收养的40名回族女性儿童进行调查。同时对这些孤儿就读学校的其他254名回族女童进行对照研究。结果 回族女性孤儿EPQ的P分(2.90±2.82)低于正常回族女童组(4.28±2.82)和全国常模女童(4.27±2.24),差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),L分(16.83±3.44)显著高于正常回族女童组(13.56±4.31)与全国常模女童(14.41±3.65)(P<0.01),E分(13.90±4.37)明显低于全国常模女童(16.34±3.44)(P＜0.01)。在合群因子上回族女性孤儿组(7.83±1.97)显著低于正常回族组女童(9.13±1.78)(P<0.05),与全国常模比较,除行为因子和焦虑因子外,自我意识其它因子及总分与全国常模女童比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);回族孤儿组人格偏离在内外向(E)和掩饰性(L)上的发生率(50.0%,60.0%)明显高于正常回族儿童(21.7%,27.6%)(P<0.001);亲戚朋友组EPQ的N分(14.00±7.62)显著高于与兄弟姐妹组(6.40±2.88)(P<0.05),而L分在祖或外祖父母组(15.92±3.75)显著低于与兄弟姐妹组(19.80±0.45)(P<0.05);回族女性孤儿不同学习成绩之间EPQ各因子得分差异无统计学意义,但在自我意识总分,以及行为和合群因子分上各组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或<0.01);学习成绩越差,表现越明显。结论 回族女性孤儿心理卫生状况较差,主要表现在人格缺陷,自我意识水平低下。

Objective To understand the personality characteristics and self-consciousness of Muslim female orphans in an orphanage,so as to provide scientific basis for further psychological intervention. Methods The general situation questionnaire,Eysenck personality questionnaire (EPQ for children) and Piers Harris child self-awareness scale (PHCSS) were used to investigate 40 Muslim female children in an orphanage in from February to May in 2014. At the same time,a control study was conducted on 254 other Muslim girls in the same school. Results Muslim female orphans(2. 90±2. 82) got lower scores than the normal Muslim female group(4. 28±2. 82) and the national girl norm(4. 27±2. 24) in P dimension,the difference was statistically significant (P<0. 01). But the scores in L dimension(16. 83±3. 44) were significantly higher compared with normal Muslim female group(13. 56±4. 31) and the national girl norm(14. 41±3. 65)(P<0. 01),and the scores in E dimension(13. 90±4. 37) were significantly lower than that of the national girl norm(16. 34±3. 44) (P<0. 01). The scores in gregarious factor of Muslim female orphans group(7. 83±1. 97) was significantly lower than normal Muslim female children(9. 13±1. 78) (P<0. 05),and the other factors of self-awareness and total scores were significantly lower than those of the Chinese urban girl norm except for behavioral factors and anxiety factor (P<0. 01). The personality deviation of Muslim female orphan group(50. 0%,60. 0%)were significantly higher than normal Muslim female group(21. 7%,27. 6%) in the E and L dimension (P<0. 01). The relatives and friends group got significantly higher scores in N dimension compared with siblings' group(14. 00±7. 62,6. 40±2. 88,P<0. 05). But the grandparent group got significantly lower scores in L dimension compared with siblings' group(15. 92±3. 75,19. 80±0. 45,P<0. 05). Each factor score of EPQ was not statistically different between different academic performance groups in Muslim female orphans,but was statistically different in self-consciousness total score,as well as behavioral and gregarious factor scores (P<0. 05 or <0. 01). The poorer academic performance,the more obvious the character and behavioral defects. Conclusion The mental health condition of Muslim female orphans is poor,obviously in character limitations and low level of self-consciousness.