目的 分析12~17岁我国青少年收缩压、舒张压和血压偏高的流行情况,探讨体格测量指标(BMI、腰围、腰臀比、腰围身高比)与血压偏高之间的关联关系,为相关部门制定儿童青少年的高血压防控策略提供参考依据。方法 选取1991-2015年“中国健康与营养调查”数据,研究对象为资料完整的5 554名12~17岁儿童青少年。血压偏高的定义采用2018年国家卫生和健康委员会发布的“7~18岁儿童青少年血压偏高筛查界值”行业标准。采用多因素Logistic回归分析血压偏高与4个体格测量指标的关联关系。结果 1991-2015年我国12~17岁儿童青少年血压偏高、单纯收缩压偏高及单纯舒张压偏高的检出率分别为9.67%、1.57%和6.41%。瘦和正常组、超重组、肥胖组三个亚组的血压偏高检出率分别为8.79%、17.88%和27.45%,单纯收缩压偏高检出率分别为1.39%、3.03%和5.88%,单纯舒张压偏高检出率分别为5.99%、10.91%和12.75%。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,血压偏高、单纯收缩压偏高及单纯舒张压偏高的风险随BMI增大呈上升趋势(P<0.05)。结论 中国12~17岁儿童青少年超重和肥胖人群中血压偏高检出率较高。预防和控制超重和肥胖是有效应对儿童青少年血压偏高的重要手段。

Objective To analyze the prevalence of systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure and high blood pressure in Chinese adolescents aged 12-17 years,and to explore the relationship between anthropometric measurements(BMI,waist circumference,waist-to-hip ratio,waist-to-height ratio) and high blood pressure,so as to provide reference for relevant departments to develop strategies for prevention and control of hypertension in children and adolescents. Methods Totally 5 554 children and adolescents aged 12-17 years with completed variables from “China Health and Nutrition Survey” conducted from 1991 to 2015 were selected as study subjects.The definition of high blood pressure was based on the national standard of “high blood pressure screening threshold for children and adolescents aged 7-18 years” issued by the National Health and Health Commission in 2018.Multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze the association between high blood pressure and the four physical measures. Results From 1991 to 2015,the prevalence rates of high blood pressure isolated high systolic blood pressure,and isolated high diastolic blood pressure in children and adolescents aged 12-17 years in China were 9.67%,1.57%,and 6.41%,respectively.The high blood pressure prevalence rates of lean and normal,overweight and obesity group were 8.79%,17.88% and 27.45%,respectively. Meanwhile,the prevalence of isolated high systolic blood pressure were 1.39%,3.03% and 5.88%,respectively and the prevalence of isolated high diastolic pressure were 5.99%,10.91% and 12.75%,respectively.Multivariable Logistic regression model revealed that the risk of high blood pressure,isolated high systolic blood pressure and isolated high diastolic blood pressure increased with the elevation of BMI level(P<0.05). Conclusion The prevalence of high blood pressure in overweight and obese people aged 12-17 years in China is higher.Preventing and controlling the overweight and obesity is an important measure to cope with the high blood pressure of children and adolescents.