目的 调查西安市新城区社区学龄前儿童常见不健康饮食行为特征,并系统分析影响儿童饮食行为的因素,为规范学龄前儿童良好的进食行为、促进学龄前儿童合理膳食提供依据。方法 2017年8-12月选取西安市新城区6个社区卫生服务中心306名学龄前儿童作为研究对象,采用“学龄前儿童饮食行为量表”进行,并利用多元线性回归分析儿童饮食行为影响的因素。结果 西安市社区学龄前儿童最常见的不健康饮食行为是挑食、主动进食能力差、不良进食习惯等。不同性别的挑食,不良进食习惯及过饱响应得分差异均有统计学意义(t=3.650,2.024,3.707,P<0.05)。抚养人教育背景不同,儿童挑食行为得分差异有统计学意义(F=3.126,P=0.026)。抚养人身体状况不同,儿童主动进食能力得分差异有统计学意义(F=5.052,P=0.007)。家庭常住人口数不同,学龄前儿童的挑食行为,不良进食习惯得分差异有统计学意义(t=6.442,3.515,P<0.05)。经多元线性回归分析,影响学龄前儿童饮食行为的因素依次为是否独生子女、家庭常驻人口数、体重指数及抚养人教育背景。结论 加强抚养人知识储备和健康抚养观念的建立,家庭成员统一抚养观念,减少肥胖/超重儿童不良进食习惯,是培养学龄前儿童健康饮食行为,促进身心健康的有效措施。

Objectives To investigate the characteristics of unhealthy eating behaviors of preschool children in Xi′an,and to systematically analyze the influencing factors,so as to provide basis for regulating good eating behavior and promoting reasonable diet for preschool children. Methods A total of 306 preschool children were selected in 6 community health service centers from August to December 2017,and were investigated by the Preschool Children′s Dietary Behavior Scale with high reliability and validity.The influencing factors for eating behaviors of children were analyzed by multiple linear regression method. Results The most common unhealthy eating behaviors of preschool children in Xi′an community included picky eating,active eating ability,poor eating habits and so on.There were significant differences on picky eating,poor eating habits and satiety response scores between boys and girls (t=3.650,2.024,3.707,P<0.05).The main caregivers and their educational backgrounds had significant effects on picky eating behavior of preschool children (F=3.126,P=0.026).The score of active eating ability in children whose caregivers had different health conditions was significantly different (F=5.052,P=0.007).Also,significant difference existed on the scores of picky eating behavior and bad eating habits of preschool children with different family members (t=6.442,3.515,P<0.05).Multiple linear regression method indicated that influencing factors for eating behavior of preschool children included the only child,the number of resident population in family,body mass index and education background of caregivers. Conclusion The key interventions for developing healthy eating behaviors and promoting physical and mental health include strengthening the establishment of the knowledge and the concept of health support for the caregivers,unifying parenting concept of the family members,and reducing the bad eating habits of obese/overweight children.