目的 对深圳市6~16岁中小学生青春期性发育现况进行横断面调查, 为儿童卫生保健、青春期健康教育提供基础数据。方法 2017年9月-2018年9月期间,按整群抽样的方法,在深圳东、中、西三个行政区中随机分别抽取中、小学各2所。采用现况法获取第二性征发育(男童睾丸和阴毛发育,女童乳房发育和阴毛发育)数据,询问女童本人月经初潮年龄,共纳入10 674名6~16岁儿童。采用概率比回归模型进行统计分析,结果以中位年龄及对应的95％CI间表示。结果 男童睾丸容积达4ml和出现阴毛的年龄分别为10.1岁(10.0~10.2)和12.2岁(11.9~12.6)。女童乳房发育和出现阴毛的年龄分别为8.5岁(7.4~9.4)和10.6岁(10.5~10.7),初潮年龄为12.1岁(11.8~12.4)。与2005年全国流调数据相比,男、女青春期启动年龄分别提前0.4岁及0.7岁,女童初潮年龄提前0.1岁。结论 深圳地区6~16岁中小学生青春期启动年龄、女童初潮年龄与2005年全国九大城市儿童性征发育调查研究结论相似。

Objective To conduct a cross-sectional study on pubertal development of students aged 6 to 16 years in Shenzhen,in order to provide basic data for children health care and health education. Methods Two primary schools and two middle schools were randomly selected from three districts of Shenzhen,and finally 10 674 children aged 6 to 16 years were enrolled in this study.Data of secondary sexual development(testicular and pubic hair development in boys, breast and pubic hair development in girls) were obtained by the status quo method, and the age of menarche was inquired.Probit regression model was used for statistical analysis, and the results were expressed by median age and the corresponding 95% confidence interval. Results The age of onset of Tanner stages 2 for testicular and pubic hair for boys were 10.1(10.0-10.2) years old and 12.2 (11.9-12.6) years old, respectively.The age of onset of breast development and pubic hair for girls was 8.5(7.4-9.4) years old and 10.6 (10.5-10.7) years old, respectively.The age of menarche for girls was 12.1(11.8-12.4) years old.Compared with the data of study in urban Chinese children in 2005, the onset age of puberty was 0.4 years earlier for boys and 0.7 years earlier for girls, and the age of menarche was 0.1 years earlier for girls. Conclusions The onset age of puberty and the age of menarche in students aged 6 to 16 years in Shenzhen are similar to the results of the pubertal study in 2005.