目的 分析不同年龄段低功能孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)患儿的适应性行为特点,为其教育辅导提供指导意见。方法 将2015-2018年于上海市闵行区启智学校就读的71名4~12岁ASD患儿按年龄分为两组,即4~≤8岁组和>8~12岁组,用文兰适应行为量表中文版评估患儿的适应性行为,取得两组患儿沟通、日常生活技能、社会化和运动技能领域的标准分,使用t检验比较两组患儿各领域标准分的差异。结果 4~≤8岁组患儿运动技能领域的标准分最高,为75.40±11.43,其次是沟通领域,标准分为60.20±11.58,日常生活技能和社会化这两个领域的标准分最低,分别为57.60±4.96和56.70±6.25。>8~12岁组运动技能、沟通、日常生活技能和社会化领域的标准分分别为70.70±13.21、55.10±8.62、53.40±7.27和53.10±4.40。两组之间t检验的结果显示,除了运动技能领域外,沟通、日常生活技能和社会化领域标准分差异均有统计学意义(t=2.13、2.91、2.66,P<0.05)。结论 社会化和日常生活技能是低功能 ASD患儿最为落后的两个领域,其次是沟通领域,并且随着年龄的增长,落后的程度会越来越严重。而运动技能领域落后程度相对较小,且与年龄增长相关性不显著。
Abstract
Objective To analyze the adaptive behavior characteristics of children with low-functioning autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in different age groups,so as to provide guidance for the education of ASD children. Methods A total of 71 children with low-functioning ASD from Shanghai Minhang special school were enrolled in this study,and were divided into 4-≤8 years old and >8-12 years old groups.Adaptive behaviors of the children were assessed via the Chinese version of Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales(VABS) in ASD.Standard scores of four domains of VABS were obtained,including communication,daily living skills,socialization and motor skills.And the difference on the scores of the four domains was compared between the two groups. Results The 4-≤8 years old group had the highest standard score in motor skills(75.40±11.43),followed by communication (60.20±11.58).The standard scores with the poorest results were in daily life skills (57.60±4.96) and socialization (56.70±6.25).However,the standard scores of motor skills,communication,daily life skills and socialization in >8-12 years old group were 70.70±13.21,55.10±8.62,53.40±7.27 and 53.10±4.40,respectively.T test results indicated that the differences on communication,daily life skills and socialization,except for motor skills,were significant(t=2.13,2.91,2.66,P＜0.05). Conclusions Socialization and daily life skills are the two worst domains in low-functioning ASD children,followed by communication.Moreover,deficits in socialization,daily life skills and communication become more evident with increasing age.While motor skill is a relative strength in low-functioning ASD children.
关键词
孤独症谱系障碍 /
低功能 /
适应性行为 /
文兰适应行为量表 /
标准分
Key words
autism spectrum disorder /
low-functioning /
adaptive behavior /
Vineland Adaptive behavior Scales /
standard score
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基金
国家重点研发计划(2016YFC1306205);国家自然科学基金项目(81701496,61733011,81601327)
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