目的 了解早产儿0~2岁的体格发育情况和其追赶生长的特点,为制定早产儿正确保健措施提供依据。方法 选择在2013-2015年出生并在舟山市妇幼保健院儿保科进行保健管理的258例早产儿和4 149足月儿作为研究对象,按矫正1、3、6、8、12、18、24月龄对研究对象的体重、身高、头围等生长发育指标进行测量并分析。结果 1)早产组男童在1~8月、女童在1~6月,体重小于足月对照组(P<0.05);早产组男童在1~8月、18月龄,女童在1~24月龄,身长小于足月对照组(P<0.05);早产组男童在1~18月龄时,女童在1~6月,头围小于足月对照组(P<0.05)。早产儿男、女童其他月龄的体重、身长和头围与足月对照组比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。2)早产男童体重、身长、头围至矫正12~18月龄间其增速优势逐渐下降。早产女童体重增速在矫正12月龄前,头围增速在矫正18月龄前,身长增速至矫正24月龄前均快于足月儿。结论 大部分早产儿出生后可通过改善营养状况实现追赶生长,体重追赶生长优于身长,提示要关注早产儿的营养和喂养对身高的促进作用,选择有利于身高促进的干预和指导。

Objective To explore the physical development status and catch-up growth of premature infants aged 0 to 2 years old. Methods Totally 258 premature infants and 4 149 full-term infants were enrolled in Zhoushan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital from 2013 to 2015.The body weight,height and head circumference of the subjects were measured and analyzed at corrected age of 6,12,18 and 24 months. Results 1) Weight of boys aged 1 to 8 months and girls aged 1 to 6 months among preterm group were significantly lower than those of the control group(P＜0.05).Length of boys and girls among preterm group in 1-month,3-months,6-months,8-months and 18-months group,girls in 1-year and 2-years old group were significantly less than those of the control group(P<0.05).Head circumference of boys and girls among preterm group in 1-month,3-months and 6-months,boys in 1-year old,16-months and 2-years old group were significantly less than those of the control group(P＜0.05).2) The body weight,height and head circumference of premature infants decreased gradually from 12 to 18 months of age.The catch-up growth velocity until corrected age 1 year old of weight and 18 months of head circumference of premature girls were faster than those of full-term infants,The body length growth rate was faster than that of full-term girls until corrected age 24 months. Conclusions Most preterm infants can achieve catch-up growth by improving their nutritional status,and catch-up growth of weight is better than length.It is suggested that attention should be paid to the role of nutrition and feeding in promoting the height of premature infants,and intervention and guidance should be selected to promote the height of preterm infants.