目的 评估注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)患儿的功能状态,研究不同性别、年龄段、智力水平ADHD患儿的功能损害差异。方法 2018年3月-2019年1月期间,收集疑似ADHD儿童1 718名,父母填写Weiss功能缺陷评定量表,同时专业医师按照DSM-5诊断标准对儿童进行诊断。符合诊断标准者纳入ADHD组,不满足诊断标准者纳入非ADHD组。结果 ADHD组1 011例,非ADHD组707例。在家庭、学习/学校、生活技能、自我观念、社会活动、冒险活动等维度及功能总分的功能损害方面,ADHD组均明显高于非ADHD组,两组差异均有统计学意义(Z＝12.484、-15.629、-12.917、-9.435、-8.145、-11.026、-17.328,P<0.001)。在ADHD组中,男童在社会活动、冒险活动维度及总分的功能损害明显高于女童(Z＝-3.322、-3.086、-2.350,P<0.05);年龄在9岁及以上组患儿在家庭、学习/学校、生活技能、自我观念、社会活动等维度及总分的功能损害,均明显高于低龄儿童(9岁以下)组(H＝10.226、16.725、13.466、42.177、6.523、22.548,P<0.05);智力在中等至中下水平范围的两组(85~99,70~84)和智力低下组(<70)比智力在中等至中上水平范围的两组(100~114,115~129)在学习/学校维度有更严重的功能损害(H=54.528,P<0.05)。结论 ADHD儿童存在明显的功能缺陷,不同性别、年龄、智商水平的ADHD患儿的功能损害有不同的特点。
Abstract
Objective To assess the function in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD),and to study functional impairment of ADHD children with different genders,ages,and intelligence quotient(IQ). Methods A total of 1 718 children with clinically suspected ADHD were investigated and interviewed from March 2018 to January 2019.Weiss Functional Impairment Rating Scale-Parent Report(WFIRS-P) was used to evaluate functioning of all children.ADHD group was diagnosed according to DSM-5 criteria for ADHD and children who did not meet the diagnostic criteria were assigned to non-ADHD group. Results Finally 1 011 children were in ADHD group,and 707 in non-ADHD group.ADHD children had significantly higher functional impairment than non-ADHD group in 6 dimensions,including family,school and learning,life skills,self-concept,social activities,risky activities and total score(Z=12.484,-15.629,-12.917,-9.435,-8.145,-11.026,-17.328,P<0.001).In ADHD group,boys had much severer deficits than girls in 2 dimensions of functioning such as social activities and risky activities and total score(Z=-3.322,-3.086,-2.350,P<0.05).Functional impairment of children over 9 years old were severer than children under 9 years old in family,school and learning,life skills,self-concept,social activities domains and total score(H=10.226,16.725,13.466,42.177,6.523,22.548,P<0.05).Three intelligent groups with IQ 85-99,70-84 and <70 had severer functional impairment in school and learning than other two groups with IQ 100-114 and 115-129(H=54.528,P<0.05). Conclusion ADHD children have significant functional impairment,and ADHD children with different gender,age and IQ levels show different patterns of functional impairments.
关键词
注意缺陷多动障碍 /
功能损害 /
智商 /
神经障碍性疾病
Key words
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder /
functional /
impairment /
intelligence quotient /
neurological disorders
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