目的 对2015-2017年山东省滨州市5岁以下儿童10个接种门诊流感疫苗接种率现状进行调查分析,为儿童流感疫苗接种提供数据资料。方法 采用自制的调查问卷对滨州市480名5岁以下儿童父母进行问卷调查,并进行回顾性分析,采用Logistic回归模型分析5岁以下儿童流感疫苗接种的影响因素。结果 滨州市10个接种门诊5岁以下儿童流感疫苗接种率由2015年的42.29%(203/480)下降到2017年的20.21%(97/480);其中3~5岁以下儿童流感疫苗接种率由2015年的26.87%(129/480)下降到2017年的13.13%(63/480),3岁以下婴儿流感疫苗接种率由2015年的15.42%(74/480)下降到2017年的7.08%(34/480)均具有明显的下降趋势(χ²=11.073,14.312,P<0.05)。对儿童父母的问卷调查结果显示:不同文化程度、家庭人均月收入、职业、户籍所在地、是否接种过流感疫苗和支付医疗费用方式是影响儿童流感疫苗接种的主要因素,经多因素分析结果发现,父母文化程度初中以上(高中/中专/高职OR=1.49,95%CI: 1.08～2.04;本科/大专OR=2.45,95%CI: 1.61～3.73;硕士及以上OR=3.90,95%CI: 1.70～8.87)、家庭月人均收入3 000元及以上(3 000～5 999元OR=1.35,95%CI:1.07～1.71;≥6 000元OR=2.37,95%CI: 1.25～4.51)、职业为机关企事业单位员工(OR=3.15,95%CI: 1.71～5.80)、对流感疫苗知识知晓(OR=2.24,95%CI: 1.56～3.21)是影响5岁以下儿童家长流感疫苗接种率的重要因素(P<0.001)。结论 文化程度、家庭月人均收入、是否接种过流感疫苗是影响婴幼儿流感疫苗接种率的重要影响因素,应多层次开展有关流感及其疫苗接种知识的宣教。

Objectives To investigate the influenza vaccination rate of children under 5 years old in 10 outpatient vaccination clinics in Binzhou City of Shandong Province from 2015 to 2017,and to analyze the influencing factors,in order to provide data for the influenza vaccination. Methods A total of 480 parents of children under 5 years old in Binzhou were investigated by self-made questionnaire and analyzed retrospectively.The influencing factors of influenza vaccination among children under 5 years old were analyzed by Logistic regression model. Results Influenza vaccination rate of children under 5 years old in 10 vaccination clinics in Binzhou City decreased from 42.29% (203/480) in 2015 to 20.21% (97/480) in 2017,among which the vaccination rate of children aged 3 to 5 years old decreased from 26.87% (129/480) in 2015 to 13.13% (63/480) in 2017,and the vaccination rate of infants under 3 years old decreased from 15.42% (74/480) in 2015 to 7.08% (34/480) in 2017,with significant downward trends (χ²=11.073,14.312,P< 0.05).Parents with educational level higher than middle school (senior high school/secondary vocational college/higher vocational college OR=1.49,95% CI: 1.08-2.04;undergraduate/college OR=2.45,95% CI: 1.61-3.73;master degree or above OR=3.90,95% CI: 1.70-8.87),family monthly per capita income higher than 3 000 yuan (3 000-5 999 yuan OR=1.35,95% CI: 1.07-1.71;≥6 000 yuan OR=2.37,95% CI: 1.25-4.51),employees of government,enterprises and institutions (OR=3.15,95% CI: 1.71-5.80)and having knowledge on influenza vaccine(OR=2.24,95%CI:1.56-3.21) were factors which can promote the vaccine coverage rate in children. Conclusions Education level,family income and knowledge on influenza vaccine are the important factors affecting the influenza vaccination rate of infants and young children.Thus,it is suggested to conduct health education on influenza vaccination.