目的 了解学龄前儿童非故意伤害的潜在危险行为及其影响因素,为制定相关干预措施提供依据。方法 设计问卷并进行信效度分析。于2018年4-5月采用分层整群抽样,对汕头市某社区学龄前儿童和家长进行横断面研究。结果 共有效调查164名学龄前儿童,其中跌伤和交通伤儿童高危行为率分别为43.9%和30.5%,溺水、烧伤和中毒高危行为率均低于1%。13种高危行为率超过25%的有6种,均属于跌伤和交通伤;低于3%的有6种,属于烧伤、溺水和中毒。男童比女童、学前大班比中小班,家长监护力度较大者比较小者的儿童危险行为得分高,差异有统计学意义(Z=-2.60、-1.59、-2.60,P＜0.05)。多元线性回归分析结果显示,儿童性别、年级、监护力度、地区和伤害发生地点是儿童危险行为的独立影响因素(β=-0.18、0.20、-0.19、-0.22、-0.17,P＜0.05)。结论 学龄前儿童伤害的高危行为发生存在较大的差异性。对于学龄前儿童非故意伤害预防,首要任务是防止跌伤和交通伤害,重点干预家长和儿童;其次是防止溺水、烧伤和中毒,关键在于消除致伤因素和加强家长监护作用。

Objective To understand the characteristics of the potential risk behavior of unintentional injury and its influencing factors in preschool children,so as to provide evidence for the formulation of related intervention measures. Methods Questionnaire was self-designed and the reliability and validity of the questionnaire were analyzed.A cross-sectional study on parents and preschool children in a community of Shantou was conducted by stratified cluster sampling. Results Totally 164 preschool children were investigated validly.The rates of high-risky behavior on falls and traffic injuries among preschool children were 43.9% and 30.5%,respectively.And the rates of burn,drowning and poisoning were all lower than 1%.Among the 13 kinds of high-risky behaviors,6 kinds of behaviors were more than 25%,all of which were falls and traffic injuries.And 6 kinds of behaviors were less than 3%,which included burn,drowning and poisoning.Boys,preschool children in large classes and children with more parental supervision had significantly higher scores on risky behaviors than girls,preschool children in primary and secondary classes and children with less parental supervision (Z=-2.60,-1.59,-2.60,P<0.05).Multiple linear regression analysis showed that children′s gender,grade,parental supervision,area and location of injuries were the independently influencing factors of children′s risk behavior (β=-0.18,0.20,-0.19,-0.22,-0.17,P＜0.05). Conclusions There are significant differences on high-risk behaviors of injuries among preschool children.As for the prevention of occurrence of unintentional injury in preschool children,the primary task is to prevent falls and traffic injuries with a focus on parents and children.And the following task is to prevent drowning,burn and poisoning with the key in eliminating the injury factors and strengthening the parental supervision.