目的 研究学龄前儿童强迫症状的发生情况以及与家庭养育环境的关系,为早期发现及早期干预学龄前儿童强迫障碍提供科学依据。方法 2017年10-11月采用分层、整群抽样方法,选取太原市城区3所具有代表性的幼儿园共969例3～6岁儿童为研究对象。应用儿童基本情况调查表、家庭养育环境量表、Spence学前儿童焦虑量表、焦虑自测量表进行研究。数据处理采用t检验、χ2检验、Logistic多元回归分析。结果 强迫症状阳性检出60例(6.2%);其中男性32例(6.3%),女性28例(6.0%);小班19例(5.8%),中班29例(7.2%),大班12例(5.0%)。将阳性检出的60例作为强迫症状组,无任何焦虑的180例作为对照组。两组性别间比较(χ2=0.200,P=0.655)和班级间比较(χ2=2.065,P=0.356)差异均无统计学意义。在家庭养育环境量表中,两组在语言/认知、情感温暖/自我表达、社会适应/自我管理、忽视/干涉/惩罚、活动多样性/游戏参与和环境气氛6个因子差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。母亲学历(χ2=14.356,P<0.01)和母亲焦虑得分(t=3.426,P<0.01)在两组间差异有统计学意义。多元Logistic回归分析中,忽视/干涉/惩罚(环境中等OR＝0.241,95%CI为0.088~0.659)、母亲焦虑得分(OR=1.059,95%CI为1.009~1.111)以及母亲学历(中学OR＝3.886,95%CI为1.554~9.716,大专及以上OR＝2.695,95%CI为1.301~5.581)3个自变量与强迫症状发生有关。结论 强迫症状在学龄前儿童较常见,强迫症状的发生与家庭养育方式、母亲情绪及母亲文化程度有关。对父母进行心理养育咨询可以早期干预学龄前儿童强迫障碍。
Abstract
Objective To know about the prevalence of obsessive-compulsive symptoms in preschool children and its relationship with family rearing environment,in order to provide scientific basis for early intervention of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Methods Totally 969 children aged 3 to 6 years were selected in 3 representative kindergartens in Taiyuan city by stratification and cluster sampling from October to November 2017.Children's general data questionnaire,the Family Rearing Environment Scale,Spence Preschool Anxiety Scale and Self-rating Anxiety Scale were used as investigation tools.The data were analyzed by means of t-test,χ2 test and Logistic multiple regression analysis. Results Among 969 children,60 cases(6.2%) were positive for obsessive-compulsive symptoms,including 32 cases(6.3%) of males and 28(6.0%)of females,19 cases(5.8%) in the small classes,29(7.2%) in the middle classes and 12(5.0%) in the large classes.And 60 positive cases were defined as the obsessive-compulsive symptoms group,and 180 cases without anxiety were as control group.There was no significant differences on genders(χ2=0.200,P =0.655) and grades(χ2=2.065,P=0.356) between obsessive-compulsive symptoms group and control group.In the Family Nurture Environment Scale,there were significant differences on the subscales of language/cognitive,emotional warmth/self-expression,social adaptation/self-management,ignore/interference/punishment,participating in activity diversity/game and environment/atmosphere between obsessive-compulsive symptoms group and control group(P＜0.05).Also,mother's educational background and mother's anxiety score were significantly different between the two groups(χ2=14.356,t=3.426,P＜0.01).Logistic regression analysis indicated that the neglect/intervention/punishment(medium enviroment OR=0.241,95%CI:0.088-0.659),mother's anxiety score(OR=1.059,95%CI:1.009-1.111) and mother's education level(high school OR=3.886,95%CI:1.554-9.716; college or above OR=2.695,95%CI:1.301-5.581) were associated with obsessive-compulsive symptoms of preschool children. Conclusions Obsessive-compulsive symptoms are common in preschool children,and are related to family rearing style,maternal mood and maternal education level.Psychological counseling of parents is essential to early interfere with obsessive-compulsive symptoms of preschool children.
关键词
家庭养育环境 /
母亲焦虑 /
学龄前儿童 /
强迫症状
Key words
family nurture environment /
maternal anxiety /
preschool children /
obsessive-compulsive symptoms
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