目的 了解广州市5岁儿童乳牙龋病流行趋势及影响因素,为制订科学、有效的防控措施提供理论依据。方法 比较分析广州市2008与2015年两次“广州市儿童口腔健康流行病学抽样调查”中5岁组儿童相关调查数据,并对2015年广州市5岁儿童龋病发生的影响因素进行分析。结果 广州市5岁儿童乳牙患龋率、龋均以及因龋充填率分别由2008年的56.11%、3.04和3.01%上升至2015年的76.78%、5.47和4.05%。2008年和2015年农村儿童患龋率和龋均(2008年:78.89%,5.33;2015年:86.05%,6.91)均高于城市儿童(2008年:48.52%,2.28;2015年:74.22%,5.07),而因龋充填率农村儿童(2008年:1.04%;2015年:1.15%)则均低于城市儿童(2008年:4.55%;2015年:5.14%);患龋率、龋均及因龋充填率两次调查男女童间差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。2015年72.06%的乳牙龋发生在上乳中切牙和第一、二乳磨牙中;70.31%龋坏的乳牙发生在32.16%的儿童中。多因素分析结果显示睡前有进食甜食习惯(OR=1.45,95%CI:1.08~1.94),2岁后才开始刷牙(OR=1.41,95%CI:1.06~1.86),父母学历低(OR=1.58,95%CI:1.19~2.11)以及家庭经济状况差(OR=1.81,95%CI:1.23~2.67)是儿童乳牙龋病发生的危险因素。结论 广州市5岁儿童乳牙患龋情况严重、呈上升趋势,且治疗率低,应进一步加强防龋和治疗措施,降低儿童龋病发生率。

Objective To study the prevalence and risk factors of caries among 5-year-old children in Guangzhou, in order to provide theoretical evidence for developing scientific and effective interventions.Methods Data of 5-year-old children in “Sampling survey on oral health epidemiology of children in Guangzhou” were collected and compared between 2008 and 2015. And the influencing factors of dental caries in 5-year-old children were analyzed.Results The prevalence of caries, mean dmft and filling rate in children aged 5 years in Guangzhou increased from 56.11%, 3.04 and 3.01% in 2008 to 76.78%, 5.47 and 4.05% in 2015, respectively. In both 2008 and 2015, caries prevalence and mean dmft in rural children (2008:78.89%, 5.33; 2015:86.05%, 6.91) were higher than those of urban children (2008:48.52%, 2.28; 2015:74.22%, 5.07). However, the filling rate of rural children (2008:1.04%; 2015:1.15%) were lower than that of urban children (2008:4.55%; 2015:5.14%). And there were no significant differences on caries prevalence, mean dmft and filling rate between boys and girls(all P>0.05). In 2015, 72.06% of caries occurred in the upper middle teeth and the first or second molars, and 70.31% of the total caries number of teeth occurred in 32.16% of the children. Multivariate conditional Logistic regression showed that habit of eating sweets before bedtime (OR=1.45, 95% CI:1.08~1.94), starting to brush teeth after 2 years old (OR=1.41,95% CI:1.06~1.86), lower education background of parents (OR=1.58,95% CI:1.19~2.11) and poor family economic status (OR=1.81, 95% CI:1.23~2.67) were risk factors for caries among children.Conclusion The prevalence of caries among 5-year-old children in Guangzhou is serious, showing an upward trend and low treatment rate. Therefore, the anti-caries and treatment measures should be adopted to reduce the incidence of caries in children.