目的 分析影响3~6岁儿童反复发生上呼吸道感染的相关因素,为防治小儿上呼吸道感染提供参考依据。方法 选取160例3~6岁患有反复上呼吸道感染的患儿作为病例组,并选取160例3~6岁健康儿童作为对照组,调查儿童一般人口学资料、父母相关资料、生活环境、营养状况及微量元素含量等,应用Logistic回归分析3~6岁儿童反复发生上呼吸道感染的相关影响因素。结果 1)病例组儿童微量元素中铁、钙和锌水平均显著低于对照组(t=-4.31、-7.98、-7.53,P均<0.05);2)Logistic回归分析显示,母亲文化程度高中以上是儿童反复呼吸道感染的保护性因素(OR=0.279,P=0.024),父母有过敏史(OR=1.412,P=0.004)、家庭成员吸烟(OR=1.565,P=0.001)、每日户外活动时间<2 h(OR=4.963,P=0.033),年抗菌药物使用次数≥3次(OR=11.894,P<0.001)均是儿童反复呼吸道感染的危险性因素。结论 儿童缺乏钙、铁、锌等微量元素容易患反复上呼吸道感染,母亲文化程度高中以上是儿童反复呼吸道感染的保护性因素。避免吸二手烟、减少抗菌药物的使用次数、增加每日户外运动时间可预防儿童反复上呼吸道感染的发生。
Abstract
Objective To explore factors influencing the recurrent upper respiratory tract infection (RRTI) in children aged 3-6 years.Methods Totally 160 children aged 3-6 years with RRTI were selected as case group, and 160 healthy children at the same age were selected as control group. Children′s demographics data, parents′ data, children′s living environment, nutritional status and trace elements were collected. And the influencing factors of RRTI were analyzed by Logistic regression in 3 to 6-year-old children.Results 1) The levels of iron, calcium and zinc in children were significantly lower than those in control group (t =-4.31,-7.98,-7.53, all P <0.05);2)Logistic regression analysis showed that mothers′ education level above high school was the protective factor of RRTI in children (OR=0.279, P=0.024), parents with allergies history (OR=1.412, P=0.004), smoking of family members (OR=1.565, P=0.001), outdoor activities time < 2 h/d (OR=4.963, P=0.033), antimicrobial use≥ 3 times/year (OR=11.894, P＜0.001) were all significantly risk factors for RRTI in children.Conclusion Children lack of calcium, iron, zinc and other trace elements are prone to develop RRTI. Maternal education level above high school was the protective factor of RRTI in children. Avoiding second-hand smoking, decreasing the frequency of antimicrobial use and increasing the daily outdoor activities time can prevent the occurrence of RRTI.
关键词
反复发生上呼吸道感染 /
小儿 /
影响因素 /
Logistic回归
Key words
recurrent upper respiratory tract infection /
children /
influencing factors /
Logistic regression
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参考文献
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基金
番禺区科技计划项目(2017-Z04-67)
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