注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)是儿童和青少年期最常见的神经发育障碍,约影响全世界5%～11%的儿童。药物治疗是6岁以上ADHD儿童首选方案,约70%患者药物治疗有效。多种药物已被应用于ADHD临床治疗,如盐酸哌甲酯和苯丙胺、盐酸托莫西汀及可乐定和胍法辛等。药物副作用、药物剂型、患儿生长速度、家庭因素、患儿用药体验、睡眠问题或障碍等多种因素均会影响药物依从性。医生、父母和患儿共享信息、商讨治疗方案、监测疗效和副作用,并积极开展医教结合、家校结合,实施行为管理和干预,有助于提高依从性、改善治疗效果,促进患儿学业成绩及社会功能、生活质量全面提升。
Abstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common neuro-developmental disorder,which affects 5%~11% children around the world.Medication therapy is the preferred treatment for children aged over 6 years old with ADHD.It is considered that medication is effective for 70% of ADHD children.A variety of drugs have been used,such as methylphenidate and amphetamine,atomoxetine,guanfacine and clonidine.Medication adherence can be influenced by many factors,such as side effects of drugs,dosage form,growth velocity,families,and patients′ experience of taking medication,as well as sleep disorders.Doctors,parents and children cooperate to share information,decide on the medication treatment plan,monitor the effect of drug treatment and side effects,and actively carry out the combination of medical education and home school to implement behavior management and intervention,which will significantly improve the compliance,improve the treatment effect of medication treatment,promote the study of children with ADHD,improve overall promotion of social function and quality of life.
关键词
注意缺陷多动障碍 /
药物治疗 /
依从性 /
影响因素
Key words
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder /
pharmacotherapy /
medication compliance /
influencing factors
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参考文献
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基金
重庆市高等教育学会2015-2016年度高等教育科学研究课题(CQGJ153583B);重庆医科大学附属儿童医院转化医学项目(zhyx2012-2)
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