目的 了解学龄前注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)儿童父母的一般心理健康状况,探讨其与儿童ADHD症状的相关性。 方法 2015年5月-2017年1月选取符合精神障碍诊断与统计手册(第5版)(DSM-5)诊断标准的学龄前ADHD儿童119例,以及附近普通幼儿园正常对照儿童115例,年龄范围均为4岁0月~5岁11月。研究采用SNAP-Ⅳ评定量表对两组儿童的症状进行评估,采用12项一般健康问卷(GHQ-12)、患者健康问卷抑郁症状群量表(PHQ-9)、广泛性焦虑量表(GAD-7)对两组父母的一般心理健康水平和焦虑、抑郁情绪进行评定,并对两组结果进行比较及相关性分析。 结果 1)研究组儿童SNAP-Ⅳ各因子得分及总分均显著高于对照组儿童(P<0.001)。 2)研究组儿童父母的 PHQ-9和GAD-7得分高于对照组(P<0.05),且心理健康水平筛查阳性率和焦虑、抑郁症状发生率均高于对照组(P<0.05)。 3)学龄前ADHD儿童SNAP-Ⅳ各因子得分及总分与父母的GHQ-12、PHQ-9、GAD-7得分呈低至中度正相关(r=0.22~0.35,P<0.01)。 结论 学龄前ADHD儿童父母的焦虑、抑郁水平较高,父母的心理健康状况与儿童ADHD的症状存在一定的相关性,应重视对学龄前ADHD儿童父母进行心理辅导和治疗。
Abstract
Objective To investigate the core symptoms of preschool children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and their parents′ mental health status, and to analyze the correlation . Method A total of 119 ADHD preschool children diagnosed by DSM-V and 115 normal preschool children were selected as participants from May 2015 to January 2017.All children were 4 years old to 5 years and 11 months old.The parents in two groups filled out General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), Generalized anxiety Scale (GAD-7) to assess their mental health.Children′s symptoms and behavior problems were assessed by SNAP-Ⅳ.The correlations between ADHD children′s symptoms and parents′ mental health were analyzed. Results 1) Children′s SNAP-Ⅳ in ADHD group scored significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.001). 2) The scores of parents′ PHQ-9 and GAD-7 in ADHD group were higher than those in control group (P<0.05), and the positive rates of parents′ mental health status, PHQ-9 and GAD-7 in ADHD group were also significantly higher than those in control group (all P<0.05).3) Parents′ mental health status, anxiety and depression were positively correlated with severity of ADHD symptoms and children′s behavior problems (r=0.22~0.35, all P <0.01). Conclusions The anxiety and depression levels of parents of ADHD preschool children are higher and parents′ mental health status is correlated with the symptoms of ADHD and children′s behavior problems.Attention should be given to psychological counseling and treatment for the parents of preschool children with ADHD.
关键词
学龄前儿童 /
注意缺陷多动障碍 /
症状 /
父母情绪
Key words
preschool children /
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder /
symptom /
parents′ emotion
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基金
上海市科学技术委员会科研计划项目(14411968600)
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