目的 分析贵州省数个仡佬族村寨0～1岁新生儿的生长发育水平及影响因素,为仡佬族婴儿健康生长提供科学参考。方法 选取贵州省务川县7个乡镇的少数民族村寨进行调查,对2012年11月1日-2013年11月1日出生的306名仡佬族婴儿及其产妇进行为期1年的体格检查和随访,运用SPSS 22.0软件进行统计分析。结果 务川县产后24 h内的母乳喂养率为92.4%,到6月龄时下降为27.5%;仡佬族男婴体重、身长指标均值高于女婴,而6月龄起男婴头围均值低于女婴(P＜0.05);3月龄后婴儿体重、身长值均低于WHO标准(P＜0.05),产妇的妇幼保健知识平均得分为(4.10±1.36)分;各月龄组男女婴儿中重度低体重和生长迟缓的发生率差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中3～8月龄男婴中重度生长迟缓的发生率高于女婴,而男女婴儿中重度低头围和胸围的发生率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);经Logistic回归分析,发现婴儿的生长发育状况受其性别、家庭年收入、父亲教育程度、母亲妇幼知识得分及辅食添加的影响(P＜0.05)。结论 仡佬族婴儿生长发育状况与WHO标准存在一定差异,应及时提出相应的干预意见,改善该群体的生长发育状况。
Abstract
Objective To analyze the current status and influencing factors for growth and development of 0 to 1-year-old infants of Gelao nationality,and to provide scientific reference for promoting the healthy growth and development of infants. Methods A total of 306 Gelao infants and their mothers from 7 minority villages of Wuchuan County were enrolled in this study from1st November, 2012 to 1st November,2013,and took physical examination and follow up for one year. SPSS 22.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Results The postpartum breastfeeding rate within 24 hours was 92.4%,the breastfeeding rate declined to 27.5% when infants was 6 months old. The average weight and length of Gelao boys were higher than those of girls,while the mean head circumference of boys was lower than that of girl infants at 6 months old (P<0.05).The weight of 3-month-old infants was lower than that of WHO standards (P<0.05).The average score of mothers'knowledge on maternal and child health care was 4.1±1.36. The incidence of severe growth retardation and low birth weight showed some differences in female infants and male infants at each age group (P<0.05). The incidence of severe growth retardation in male infants aged 3~8 months was higher than that in female infants. But there were no significant differences on the incidence of moderate to severe low head circumference and waist circumstance between male and female infants (all P>0.05). Logistic regression analysis indicated that growth and development of Gelao infants were influenced by gender,household annual income,fathers'education background,mothers'maternal and child health knowledge and food supplement (P<0.05). Conclusions There is still a gap on the growth and development between Gelao and WHO standards. And appropriate feedback should be given to improve healthy growth and development of infants.
关键词
仡佬族 /
婴儿 /
生长发育 /
影响因素 /
Logistic回归分析
Key words
Gelao nationality /
infants /
growth and development /
influencing factors /
Logistic regression analysis
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.content}}
参考文献
[1] 龙翠芳.贵州省出生人口素质调查研究[J].人口与发展,2010,16(3):69-74.
[2] 朱江,陆卫群,王娇,等.贵州省水族婴儿生长发育水平和影响因素调查[J].中国妇幼保健,2015,30(12):1899-1902.
[3] Merialdi M, Widmer M, Gulmezoglu AM,et al.WHO multicentre study for the development of growth standards from fetal life to childhood:the fetal component[J].BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth,2014,14(1):1-9.
[4] Monterrosa EC, Frongillo EA, Neufeld LM,et al.Maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index is not associated with infant and young child feeding in low-income Mexican children 1～24 months old[J].Mater & Child Nutr,2015,11(2):215-228.
[5] Reinbott A, Kuchenbecker J, Herrmann J.A child feeding index is superior to WHO IYCF indicators in explaining length-for-age Z-scores of young children in rural Cambodia[J].Paediatric Int Child Health,2015,35(2):124-134.
[6] WMGRS Group.Assessment of sex differences and heterogeneity in motor milestone attainment among populations in the WHO Multicentre Growth Reference Study[J].Acta Paediatr,2010,95(Suppl 450):66-75.
[7] Smith J, Adamsons K, Vollmer R,et al.Is nutrition assistance program participation or food security status associated with parental feeding style or child body mass index[J].British Journal of Dematology,2015,161(5):1081-1088.
[8] 徐轶群,王惠珊,黄小娜,等.中国六城市母乳喂养婴儿0～12月生长发育纵向研究[J].中国儿童保健杂志,2011,19(6):497-501.
[9] 徐轶群,冯冰,张新华,等.中国6城市母乳喂养婴儿0～12月龄生长速率研究[J].中国妇幼健康研究,2011,22(3):260-264.
[10] 季成叶.青少年营养不良仍是公共卫生问题,全国性统一筛查标准正在制定[J].中国卫生标准管理,2011,2(3):46-49.
[11] 张继英,张兵,刘爱东,等.西部贫困农村5岁以下儿童营养不良状况分析[J].中国健康教育,2011,34(3):406-408.
[12] Gupta S, Agarwal R, Aggarwal KC.Complementary feeding at 4 versus 6 months of age for preterm infants born at less than 34 weeks of gestation:a randomised,open-label,multicentre trial[J]. Lancet Glob Health,2017,5(5):501-511.
[13] 刘兴莲,周爱琴,徐海青.6～12个月婴儿喂养指数与生长速率的相关性研究[J].中国儿童保健杂志,2012,18(9):675-678.
[14] Nayyeri F, Raji F, Haghnazarian E,at el.Frequency of “Nursing Strike”among 6-month-old infants,at East Tehran Health Center and Cintributing Factors[J].J Family Reprod Health,2015,6(3):137-140.
[15] 郭晚花,周浩武.青海贫困农村6岁以下儿童营养不良及其影响因素分析[J].中国学校卫生,2012,13(5):593-594.
基金
贵州省科技厅科研项目(SY2012-3137);贵州省研究生科研基金项目资助(KYJJ2017014)。
PDF(738 KB)
