目的 了解城市留守小学生与非留守小学生焦虑、抑郁和焦虑抑郁共患状况,并研究监护人焦虑、抑郁,亲子依恋,生活质量和安全感对其的影响。 方法 2016年6-9月选取前期初筛的城市留守儿童89人,并按1∶1配对设立对照组,对两组进行问卷调查。问卷内容包括:一般情况、儿童焦虑性情绪障碍筛查表、儿童抑郁量表、儿童焦虑和抑郁问卷、儿少主观生活质量问卷、亲子依恋量表、安全感量表、家长焦虑自评问卷、家长抑郁自评问卷。 结果 1)留守组和对照组小学生焦虑检出率(43.2% vs.32.1%,χ²=2.023,P=0.155)、共患检出率(22.2% vs. 17.3%,χ²=0.314,P=0.575)比较差异都无统计学意义。留守组和对照组小学生抑郁检出率比较,差异有统计学意义(25.9% vs. 13.6%,χ²=6.261,P=0.012)。2)留守组小学生焦虑、抑郁和共患与家庭生活、同伴交往、学校生活、躯体情感、认知成分、情感成分呈显著负相关(P＜0.05),同时焦虑和抑郁还与人际安全感和确定控制感呈显著负相关(P＜0.05);对照组小学生的焦虑、抑郁和共患均与同伴交往、学校生活、躯体情感、认知成分和情感成分、人际安全感、确定控制感呈负相关(P＜0.05),除此之外焦虑和抑郁分别与学校生活和家庭生活呈显著负相关(P＜0.05)。3)留守组小学生情感成分对焦虑、抑郁和共患的回归系数分别为-0.42、-0.173、-0.515;对照组小学生,情感成分对抑郁和共患的回归系数分别为-0.134、-3.252,学校生活对共患的回归系数为-3.998。 结论 城市留守小学生的焦虑、抑郁和共患情况较非留守小学生严重,生活质量、亲子依恋、安全感等均会对其产生一定影响,应引起广泛关注。

Objective To investigate the prevalence of anxiety, depression, comorbity anxiety and depression among urban left-behind pupils and normal pupils, and to study the influence of attachment, subjective life quality, sense of security, as well as guardians' anxiety and depression. Methods Previously, 89 left-behind children in city were selected from June to September 2016, and control group were chose by 1∶1 matching control group. A questionnaire survey was conducted in two groups. The contents of the questionnaire included general information, Scale of Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED), Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) and Revised Children's Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS), and so on. Results 1) The anxiety(43.2% vs.32.1%,χ²=2.023,P=0.155)and comorbidity(22.2% vs.17.3%,χ²=0.314,P=0.575)rates of the two groups had no significant difference. But the depression rates of the two groups were significantly different(25.9% vs.13.6%,χ²=6.261,P=0.012). 2) The left-behind students' comorbity anxiety and depression was negatively correlated with the family life, peer interaction, school life, somatic emotion , cognitive and emotional component(P＜0.05).At the same time, anxiety and depression were negatively related to interpersonal sense of security and certainty in control (P<0.05); Anxiety, depression and comorbid anxiety and depression in pupils in control group were negatively correlated with peer interaction, school life, physical and emotional, emotional and cognitive component elements, interpersonal safety, determine the sense of control was negatively correlated (P<0.05). In addition, anxiety and depression respectively had negative correlation with school and family life (P<0.05). 3)The regression coefficient of left-behind pupils' affective components on anxiety, depression and comorbid anxiety and depression were-0.42,-0.173 and-0.515,respectively. The regression coefficient of control group pupils' affective components on depression and comorbid anxiety and depression were-0.134 and-3.252.And the regression coefficient of school life on comorbid anxiety and depression was-3.998. Conclusions The anxiety, depression and comorbidity of left-behind pupils are more serious than those of normal pupils, and quality of life, parent-child attachment and security will exert a certain influence on their psychological disturbance. Therefore left-behind pupils in urban area should be given more concern from the whole society.