目的 了解中小班学龄前儿童父母亲职压力状况及其与儿童心理状况的关系,以期为幼儿教育和心理工作的拓展提供依据。方法 采用横断面调查研究,收集上海某幼儿园学龄前儿童51名,采用亲职压力量表(PSI)和长处与困难问卷(SDQ)对其父母进行评定。结果 1)学龄前男童、女童在PSI儿童适应性(t=2.376,P<0.05)、接受度(t=2.517,P<0.05)、儿童总分(t=2.104,P<0.05)差异有统计学意义;2)学龄前男童、女童在SDQ行为问题因子分(t=2.064,P<0.05)和社交行为因子分(t=-2.743,P<0.01)的差异有统计学意义;3)SDQ困难总分与PSI总分显著正相关(P<0.01),SDQ各因子与PSI多个因子分相关(P均<0.05);4)半年后随访,PSI总分及儿童注意不能多动、适应性、要求、心境、接受度,父母竞争性、依恋性较基线时升高(P均<0.05)。结论 健康学龄前女童行为问题少于男童,社交行为优于男童。健康学龄前女童家长感受到的亲职压力较男童家长少。亲职压力与儿童行为表现相关,学龄前期随着儿童年龄的增长家长感受到的亲职压力也有所增长。
Abstract
Objective To explore the parental stress of children in junior and middle classes of kindergarten and its relationship with children's mental status. Methods A total of 51 healthy young children were recruited form a kindergarten in Shanghai. All the parents were asked to finish the Parenting Stress Index (PSI) and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Results 1) The differences total score of child dimension (t=2.104,P<0.05) and the subscales of adaptability (t=2.376,P<0.05), acceptability (t=2.517,P<0.05) of child dimension in PSI between boys and girts were significant. 2) There were significant differences on SDQ conduct problems factor score (t=2.064, P<0.05) and prosocial behaviors factor score (t=-2.743, P<0.01) between male and female children.3) The total score of SDQ difficulty was positively correlated with PSI total score (P<0.01), and some SDQ factors were correlated with PSI total score and some factor scores (all P<0.05). 4) At six-month follow-up, the total score of PSI and the subscales of distractibility/hyperactivity, adaptability, demanding, mood, acceptability of child dimension and the subscales of competence and attachment of parent dimension were higher than those at baseline (all P<0.05). Conclusions Healthy preschool girls have fewer behavior problems than boys, and their social behavior was better than boys.Parenting stress is related to children's behavior, so parents of preschool girls feel less parental pressure than parents of boys.In early childhood, parental pressure increases as children grow up.
关键词
健康 /
幼儿 /
亲职压力
Key words
health /
preschool /
parenting stress
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基金
上海交通大学医学院-中国科学院神经科学研究所“脑疾病临床研究中心资助”项目(2015NKX005);上海市精神卫生中心特色专科建设项目(2013-YJTSZK-04);上海市卫生和计划生育委员会科研项目(201540283)
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