母乳喂养对婴儿近期的生长发育、肠道微生态的改善、免疫机能的调节具有显著的促进作用,同时可以促进婴儿远期神经系统发育、降低代谢综合征的风险。帮助母乳喂养的足月儿度过宫内铁储备耗竭后的阶段、降低铁缺乏风险,从而最大程度地发挥母乳喂养的优势是目前的关注热点。本文从母亲相关因素、脐带结扎时间、性别因素、辅食添加及预防性铁剂补充多个方面回顾了母乳喂养儿铁营养状况影响因素的相关研究,分析显示提高母亲铁营养相关知识水平、注重孕期铁元素的补充和膳食指导、延迟断脐可以增加新生儿出生时的铁储备量;积极提倡纯母乳喂养,对生长需求不同的婴儿进行适时、合理的辅食添加,对铁缺乏高危儿进行预防性铁剂补充均可以在不同程度上预防母乳喂养儿出现铁缺乏。
Abstract
Breastfeeding has positive effect on growth,development,and well-being in both a short-term and a long-term perspective,which makes breastfeeding the optimal nutrition for healthy term infants. Current researches focus on maximizing the advantages of breastfeeding through protecting breastfed infants against iron deficiency in the first a few months and reducing the risk of iron deficiency. This paper reviews studies on the factors influencing iron nutrition including maternal factors,umbilical cord clamping time,gender factors,complementary food and preventive iron supplementation. Existed evidence indicates that improving mothers′knowledge on iron nutrition,iron supplementation and dietary guidance during pregnancy,delayed umbilical cord clamping will help increase iron endowment in neonates at birth; Also,exclusive breastfeeding, appropriate complementary foods for infants with different growth needs,and preventive iron supplementation for infants with high risk of iron deficiency can prevent iron deficiency in full term healthy infants.
关键词
母乳喂养 /
足月儿 /
铁缺乏 /
预防
Key words
breast feeding /
full term /
iron deficiency /
prevention
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