目的 分析住院新生儿病种分布及变化趋势,掌握新生儿疾病病种构成规律。方法 对渭南市某医院2013-2015年全部住院新生儿7 531份病例资料进行整理分析。结果 7 531例住院新生儿中,前三位发病的依次为新生儿肺炎、新生儿高胆红素血症、新生儿败血症。该院2013-2015年间新生儿剖宫产和患病住院新生儿均有下降趋势(χ²=28.000,45.128,P均＜0.05),早期早产儿和超低出生体重儿均有增加趋势(χ²=15.011,25.805,P均＜0.05),新生儿肺炎、新生儿高胆红素血症、胎粪吸入综合症均有降低趋势(χ²=15.011,15.011,80.714,P均＜0.05);新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征(NRDS)有增加趋势(χ²=16.902,P＜0.05)。结论 肺炎、高胆红素血症、败血症为该地区新生儿主要疾病,NRDS发病增加值得关注。加强围生期保健及教育,及时发现及时治疗,提高专业技术人员的技术水平,加强产科与新生儿科合作对新生儿疾病的减少至关重要。

Objective To analyze the distribution and change trend of neonatal diseases,and to grasp the neonatal disease constitution rule. Method Neonatal cases admitted from 2013 to 2015 in Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Weinan were analyzed. Results A total of 7 531 cases were enrolled,and the top three of the diseases in turn were neonatal pneumonia,neonatal bilirubin hematic disease,neonatal sepsis.The prevelance rates of neonates who were cesarean deliveried and sick from 2013 and 2015 showed a downward trend (χ²=28.000,45.128,P<0.05),but the rates of the early premature and low birth weight were increased (χ²=15.011,25.805,P<0.05),The prevelance of neonatal pneumonia,neonatal high blood bilirubin,meconium inhaled syndrome had lower trend (χ²=15.011,15.011,15.011,P<0.05);neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS) had increased (χ²=16.902,P<0.05). Conclusions Pneumonia,high bilirubin hematic disease,sepsis arel major diseases in neonates,and the increasing prevecance of NRDS needs to pay more attention to.It is crucial to strengthen the health education in the perinatal period,to give timely diagonosis and timely treatment,to improve the technical level of professionals in order to reduce neonatal diseases.