目的 调查海南省0～6岁儿童孤独症(ASD)、脑性瘫痪(CP)、智力低下(MR)流行特征及康复干预现状。方法 于2015年9月-2016年9月期间,在海南省采用分层整群随机抽样原则,抽取18个市县全体常住儿童作为调查对象,以问卷形式进行流行病学调查,疑似对象逐一诊断并对明确诊断者进行就诊史和接受康复训练情况的问卷调查,采用Epi Data 3.2建立数据库,选用SPSS 17.0进行统计学分析。结果 实际共调查了全省18个市县的38 267名儿童,诊断为ASD 235人,MR 229人,CP 80人,共计544人。曾接受康复训练的儿童236人(43.4%);ASD、MR、CP三类儿童接受康复训练的比率分别为58.30%、20.08%、66.25%;接受训练治疗患者中男生占48.06%,女生占28.79%。结论 海南省三类儿童接受康复训练重视程度为脑瘫及孤独症高于智力低下;发育异常儿童中男生在接受康复训练的比例上显著高于女生;城市接受康复训练的比例高于三类县;康复干预现状有待进一步改善,可作为进一步研究三类儿童防治工作的基础性资料。

Objective To investigate the prevalence and current situation of rehabilitation of autism (ASD),cerebral palsy (CP),and mental retardation(MR) in children aged 0~6 in Hainan province. Method A house-hold questionnaire survey was carried out from September,2015 to September,2016.Children from 18 towns in Hainan Province were selected by stratified cluster sampling.Doctors from Children's Hospital of Hainan province made diagnose,those diagnosed with autism,CP and MR would be asked the medical history and whether they received rehabilitation training.Data were compiled by Epidata 3.2 and analyzed by SPSS l7.0 statistical analysis software. Results A total of 38 267 children aged 0‵6 years were surveyed.235,229,and 80 of these children were diagnosed with ASD,MR,and CP respectively.236 children received rehabilitation with the rating of 43.4%.The proportion of ASD,MR,CP receiving rehabilitation training were 58.30%,20.08% and 66.25% respectively.Among the training children,48.06% were boys,and 28.79% were girls. Conclusions Children diagnosed with CP or autism have more opportunity to receive rehabilitation training than those diagnosed with MR.Boys have more opportunity to receive rehabilitation training than girls,and children living in cities have more opportunity to receive rehabilitation training than rural areas.The situation of rehabilitation intervention needs to be further improved,and these basic data can be used for further research on prevention and treatmen of autism,cerebral palsy and rehabilitation.