睡眠障碍包含睡眠觉醒节律障碍、睡眠启动及维持障碍、过度睡眠障碍、与特定睡眠阶段有关的各种睡眠障碍。目前儿童睡眠障碍研究较成人少,而睡眠在儿童脑功能的发育中占据着至关重要的地位,严重的睡眠障碍会对儿童脑功能的发育造成极大的危害。随着国际睡眠障碍分类第三版(ICSD-3)的颁布,儿童睡眠障碍的研究取得了新的进展,部分类型的睡眠障碍的发病机制得以阐明,睡眠障碍的分类标准也有所更新。本文总结了睡眠障碍各个分类中已知的发病机制,并结合儿童睡眠障碍症状作一概述,旨在为儿童睡眠障碍的临床诊断提供参考,吸引更多的临床工作者关注儿童睡眠障碍。
Abstract
Sleep disorders contain the circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorder,sleep-onset disorder,sleep-maintain disorder,hypersomnolence,and sleep disorders associated with certain stages of sleep.Currently,sleep disorders researches in adults are more prevalent than those in children,but sleep plays a more important role in children's brain development than adults.Severe sleep disorders can do great harm to children's brain function.Since the third edition of International Classification of Sleep Disorder (ICSD-3) issued,sleep disorders researches in children have made new progress.Pathogenesis of some types of sleep disorders has been elucidated.Classification standard of sleep disorders has been updated.This review summarizes the known pathogenesis of children sleep disorders,and aims to provide reference for clinical diagnosis of sleep disorders in children,in order to make more clinical professionals pay attention to children's sleep disorders.
关键词
儿童 /
睡眠障碍 /
临床症状 /
发病机制
Key words
children /
sleep disorders /
clinical symptoms /
pathogenesis
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