目的 了解北京市1～3月龄婴儿的睡眠现状并分析睡眠问题的影响因素。方法 采用整群抽样的方法,选取2015年12月15日-2016年1月15日在北京城区、近郊、远郊各选取的两家妇幼保健机构进行健康体检的1~3月龄婴儿1 152例,对家长进行调查,内容包括一般情况、养育及家庭环境、睡眠环境、睡眠问题等。用χ2检验和Logistic回归分析进行分析。结果 1 152名婴儿中,与大人同床睡的比例为73.8%,摇晃/拍抱哄睡和含奶头入睡的比例分别为72.9%和59.8%,晚上睡觉开小夜灯的比例为52.0%。入睡困难、睡眠节律紊乱的比例分别是50.3%和60.4%。张口呼吸、打鼾、呼吸暂停的比例分别是33.0%、26.5%、3.5%。婴儿年龄(d)增加(OR=1.013,95%CI:1.002~1.023)、剖宫产(OR=1.509,95%CI:1.101~2.068)、混合喂养(OR=1.401,95%CI:1.036~1.894)、不良睡眠环境(OR=1.602,2.587,2.278,95%CI:1.177~2.180,1.113~6.011,1.217~4.263)、缺乏睡眠仪式(OR=1.611,95%CI:1.198~2.168)、摇晃/拍抱哄睡(OR=3.397,95%CI:2.419~4.768)会增加婴儿入睡困难的风险。结论 北京地区小婴儿不良睡眠行为及睡眠问题较多,亟待改善看护人的睡眠知识。
Abstract
Objective To understand the current situation of sleep of infants aged 1~3 months in Beijing,and to analyze possible associated factors. Methods Two institutions of maternal and child health care were selected from urban,suburban,and exurban areas respectively from December 15th,2015 to January 15th,2016 by using the cluster sampling method.The survey was conducted among 1 152 parents with infants aged 1~3 months,and the general information,parenting and family environment,sleep environment,sleep problems were collected by self-designed questionnaire.Chi-squared test and multivariate Logistic regression analysis were used to explore associated factors. Results Of the 1 152 infants,the percentage of sleeping with adults was 73.8%,the percentages of shaking or patting to sleep and sleeping with a nipple were 72.9 % and 59.8 % respectively,and keeping a nightlight on was 52.0%.The rates of difficulty in falling asleep and circadian rhythm disorder were 50.3% and 60.4% respectively.The rates of mouth breathing,snoring and apnea in sleep breathing disorders were 33.0%,26.5% and 3.5% respectively.Significant predictors of increased odds of difficulty in falling asleep included the children older age (days)(OR=1.013,95%CI:1.002~1.023),caesarean birth(OR=1.509,95%CI:1.101~2.068),mixed feeding(OR=1.401,95%CI:1.036~1.894),improper sleep environment(OR=1.602,2.587,2.278,95%CI:1.177~2.180,1.113~6.011,1.217~4.263),lack of pre-sleep ritual (OR=1.611,95%CI:1.198~2.168) and rocking or patting baby to sleep (OR=3.397,95%CI:2.419~4.768). Conclusion Sleep problems and poor sleep behaviors of young infants are common in Beijing,so it is supposed to improve related knowledge of caregivers.
关键词
睡眠问题 /
入睡困难 /
睡眠节律紊乱 /
婴儿
Key words
sleep problems /
difficulty in falling asleep /
circadian rhythm disorder /
infants
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