目的 分析上海市区学龄期儿童情绪和行为问题特点及其影响因素,为有针对性地开展学龄期儿童心理健康教育提供借鉴和依据。方法 按照受教育程度分组分层抽样,选取上海市4个区11所小学共2 446名儿童,使用长处与困难问卷(SDQ)父母版和Conners父母症状问卷(PSQ)对其情绪和行为问题进行评定。结果 上海市7～12岁学龄期儿童情绪和行为问题阳性检出率为4.7%～25.9%,其中困难总分检出率为9.6%,男生注意多动不能问题的检出率高于女生(P<0.05),女生同伴交往问题的检出率高于男生(P<0.05),不同年级儿童在SDQ品行问题、多动注意不能、同伴交往和总的困难问题上的检出率差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),男生在PSQ品行问题、学习问题、冲动-多动和多动指数上得分均高于女生(P<0.001)。除焦虑和身心障碍,各年级儿童在SDQ和PSQ各维度上的得分差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与儿童情绪和行为问题有关的因素包括性别、年龄、与其他家人关系密切、与父亲关系密切、过分溺爱和粗暴打骂的教养方式。结论 不同性别、年级的儿童存在不同的情绪和行为问题,不同的情绪和行为问题存在不同的影响因素,预防和干预时应加以区别和侧重。
Abstract
Objective To analyze the characteristics and influencing factors of emotional and behavioral problems of school-aged children in Shanghai,and to provide reference and basis for the development of school-aged children's mental health education. Methods A total of 2 446 children in 11 primary schools from 4 districts in Shanghai were selected by the stratified sampling method according to the educational level.The emotional and behavioral problems were assessed using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and Parent Symptom Questionnaire (PSQ). Results The detection rate of emotional and behavioral problems of children aged 7‵12 years in Shanghai was 4.7%‵25.9%,and the detection rate of total point of difficulty was 9.6%.The detection rate of boys' hyperactivity-inattention was higher than that of girls(P<0.05).The detection rate of peer interaction among girls was higher than that of boys(P<0.05).Meanwhile,there were statistically significant differences in the detection rate of SDQ among children from different grades(P<0.05).The scores of boys in learning problems,impulsive hyperactivity and hyperactivity index of PSQ were higher than those of girls(P<0.001).In addition to anxiety and physical and mental retardation,all dimensions of SDQ and PSQ in children from different grades were significantly different(P<0.05).Factors related to children's emotional and behavioral problems included gender,age,relationship with other family members,relationship with fathers,over spoiled and brutally cursed rearing style. Conclusion Children with different genders and grades have different emotional and behavioral problems.Different emotional and behavioral problems have different influencing factors,and the prevention and intervention should be distinguished and focused from various aspects.
关键词
学龄期儿童 /
情绪和行为问题 /
影响因素
Key words
school-aged children /
emotional and behavioral problems /
influencing factors
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参考文献
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基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目(81271510);上海市家庭文明建设立项课题(20170427)
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