目的 分析学龄前儿童单纯性肥胖主要因素,制订有针对性的干预措施。方法 2015年5月选取3 所幼儿园4岁学龄前儿童452名开展健康问卷调查,并实施健康干预,研究干预措施对学龄前儿童超重/肥胖检出率和体质量指数(BMI)的影响。结果 实验组超重/肥胖1年后检出率(14.16%)呈减少趋势,差异无统计学意义(χ²=0.43,P＞0.05)。观察组1年后超重/肥胖检出率(16.37%)呈显著增加趋势,差异有统计学意义(χ²=4.82,P＞0.05)。调查显示母亲超重/肥胖、摄入肉类占比超30%、食量超标、进食速度过快,运动不足等是导致超重/肥胖的重要因素。干预后超重组和肥胖组儿童BMI增长趋势均放缓(t=2.30和2.27,P均<0.05),超重/肥胖儿童生长曲线趋于正常。结论 引发学龄前儿童超重/肥胖是多种因素共同作用的结果,通过有针对性的综合干预,可以有效控制儿童超重/肥胖的发展程度,干预效果的持续性有待进一步研究。

Objective To analyze the main factors of simple obesity in preschool children,and to give some effective measures. Methods Health questionnaires were handed out to 452 four-year-old preschool children from three different kindergartens and some interventions were conducted in May 2015.The effects of these interventions on overweight/obesity and body mass index (BMI) of preschool children were analyzed. Results The percentage of overweight/obesity children in the experimental group decreased after one year (14.16%) and the difference had no statistical significance(χ²=0.43,P＞0.05) while the percentage of overweight/obesity in children of observation group showed sharp increase (16.37%) and the difference was statistical significant(χ²=4.82,P＞0.05).Meanwhile,the research indicated that the main factors were mothers with overweight/obesity,children taking in too much meat (over 30%),overeating,and eating too fast,as well as shortage of sports.After intervention,the trend of BMI of overweight and obesity in children showed gentle increase(t=2.30 and 2.27,P<0.05),the curve of overweight closed to be normal. Conclusions Multiple factors result in overweight/obesity in preschool children.The trend of children overweight/obesity can be controlled by some effective interventions;However,the sustainability of intervention effects needs to be further studied.