目的 通过回顾性病例对照研究,分析上海地区住院早产儿贫血发生现状和相关因素,为临床合理预防和干预早产儿贫血提供科学依据。方法 收集2010年1月-2016年12月期间出生后72 h内收入新生儿病房的早产儿临床资料,按贫血和对照两组进行住院早产儿贫血发生现状和相关因素分析。结果 653例早产儿中发生贫血322例(49.3%),贫血组胎龄、出生体重、Apgar评分、黄疸出现日龄等均小于对照组,住院天数、禁食时间、静脉采血总次数等均大于对照组(P均<0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示早产儿贫血发生的独立危险因素包括住院天数(OR=2.72,95%CI:1.652～4.477,P<0.001)、出生体重评价(OR=2.424,95%CI:1.673～3.511,P<0.001)、静脉采血总次数(OR=1.559,95%CI:1.203～2.02,P<0.001)。结论 胎龄越小、出生体重越低、医源性失血越多、病情危重的早产儿更易发生贫血。

Objective To analyze the current status of anemia and related factors in premature infants,and to provide scientific basis for clinical prevention. Method A retrospective,case-control study was conducted.A total of 653 premature infants samples within 72 hours after birth from Neonatal Unit from January 2010 to December 2016 were collected to investigate the current status and related factors of anemia in prematurity. Results The anemia rate in premature infants was 322/653 (49.3%).The gestational age,birth weight,Apgar score and jaundice appearance time in anemia group were significantly lower than those of the control group (all P<0.05).The length of hospital stay,food abstinence duration,the total number of venous blood collection in anemia group were significantly higher than those of the control group (all P<0.05).Multiple factor logistic regression analysis revealed that the length of hospital stay (OR=2.72,95%CI:1.652～4.477,P<0.001),birth weight evaluation (OR=2.424,95%CI:1.673～3.511,P<0.001),the total number of venous blood collection (OR=1.559,95%CI:1.203~2.02,P<0.001) were included as the only independent high-risk factors for anemia of prematurity. Conclusion The smaller gestational age,the lower birth weight,the greater laboratory blood loss and critically ill are associated with anemia of prematurity.