目的 了解荣成市2012-2017年托幼机构集体儿童健康状况变化趋势,为制定干预措施提供科学依据。方法 采用纵向和横向比较法,回顾荣成市全市共26所托幼机构2012－2017年集体儿童健康体检资料,进行整理分析。结果 儿童营养不良(低体重、发育迟缓、消瘦)、贫血患病率较低,分别介于0.45%～0.52％、0.89％～1.19%之间,不同时间发病率比较差异无统计学意义(χ²=0.366,2.123,P＞0.05);儿童肥胖率逐年增高,从2012年的4.75％上升到2017年的5.14％(χ²=0.921,P＞0.05);视力异常率从2012年的10.55%上升到2017年的19.29%,龋齿患病率较高,介于33.22%～36.29％之间,视力异常及龋齿患病率差异均具有统计学意义(χ²=176.935,42.363,P＜0.01或<0.05)。公办托幼机构龋齿、贫血、视力异常健康体检指标低于民办托幼机构,差异均具有统计学意义(χ²=71.226、13.715、109.617,P＜0.01)。结论 荣成市托幼机构儿童健康状况良好,肥胖、视力异常是干预的重点,口腔保健不容忽视,民办托幼机构卫生保健工作需进一步加强。

Objective To find out the changing trend of children's physical condition in Rongcheng city from 2012 to 2017,so as to provide scientific basis for developing interventions. Method By longitudinal and horizontal comparison,the health examination data of children in 26 kindergartens in Rongcheng city was reviewed and compared. Results The prevalence rate of malnutrition(low weight,stunted growth,marasmus) and anemia were low,ranging from 0.45% to 0.52%,0.89% to 1.19%,respectively.There was no statistically significant difference on the prevalence rate of malnutrition and anemia(χ²=0.366,2.123, P＞0.05).Childhood obesity rate increased from 4.75% in 2012 to <5.14% in 2017(χ²=0.921, P＞0.05).Subnormal vision rate increased from 10.55% in 2012 to 19.29% in 2017,and the prevalence rate of dental caries ranged from 33.22% to 36.29%,with significant difference year by year(χ²=176.935,42.363, P＜0.01 or <0.05).Moreover,the prevalence rates of dental caries,anemia and subnormal vision in public kindergartens were lower than those in private kindergartens(χ²=71.226,13.715,109.617,P＜0.01). Conclusions Children in kindergartens of Rongcheng city are in good health.Obesity and abnormal vision are the key points of intervention.Meanwhile,oral health care should not be ignored,and health care work in private childcare institutions needs to be further strengthened.