目的 分析农村0~3岁留守儿童心理行为发育异常的影响因素,为促进儿童早期发展提供基础依据。方法 利用2016年原国家卫生计生委“贫困地区农村留守儿童健康教育项目”定量调查数据中3岁以下儿童信息进行分析,调查了全国12个省27个贫困县3 249例0~3岁留守儿童样本。儿童心理行为发育的测量采用“儿童心理行为发育预警征象筛查问卷”,影响因素通过自编的调查问卷获得。结果 农村留守儿童整体可疑心理行为发育异常检出率为9.48%,其中男生(10.94%)显著高于女生(7.75%),0~18个月儿童(12.20%)显著高于19~36个月儿童(8.1%);留守儿童家庭存在看护人年龄偏大、学历普遍偏低的情况,亲子分离情况仍十分严峻;Logistic 回归分析显示,亲子互动良好(OR=0.604,95%CI:0.417~0.876,P=0.008),与兄弟姐妹一起生活(OR=0.664,95%CI:0.473~0.932,P=0.018),较高的家庭经济水平(OR=0.609,95%CI:0.414~0.897,P=0.012)和每日互动时间＞30 min(OR=0.467,95%CI:0.230~0.948,P=0.035)是儿童心理行为发育的保护因素。从未母乳喂养(OR=2.071,95%CI:1.334~3.216,P=0.001)、纯母乳喂养时间＞8个月(OR=1.793,95%CI:1.089~2.952,P=0.022)、存在照顾不周现象(OR=1.833,95%CI:1.047~3.211,P=0.034)是儿童心理行为发育的危险因素。结论 农村0~3岁留守儿童在养育环境上存在劣势,影响心理行为发育因素较多,应针对性加大关注和干预力度
Abstract
Objective To analyze the influencing factors of abnormal development of psychology and behavior in left-behind children under 3 years old in rural areas,in order to provide basis for promoting early childhood development. Methods Data were from the under-three-year-old children′s quantitative survey data of Rural Left-behind Children Health Education Project in Poor Areas. The project included 3 249 samples of left-behind children aged 0 to 3 years in 27 poverty counties of 12 provinces in China. Children′s psychological and behavioral problems were detected by the Early Warning Sign Screening Checklist,and the influencing factors were obtained through self-designed questionnaires based on the survey questionnaires of UNICEF Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 5. Results The overall detection rate of suspected psychological behavioral problems was 9.48%,and it was significantly higher in boys(10.94%) and children aged 0 to 18 months(12.20%) than in girls(7.75%) and children aged 19 to 36 months(8.1%). Left-behind children′s caregivers were over-aged and generally low-educated,and the separation of parents and children was still very serious. Logistic regression analysis showed that good parent-child interaction(OR=0.604,95%CI:0.417-0.876,P=0.008),living with siblings(OR=0.664,95%CI:0.473-0.932,P=0.018),higher family economic level(OR=0.609,95%CI:0.414-0.897,P=0.012) and daily interaction time＞30 minutes(OR=0.467,95%CI:0.230-0.948,P=0.035) were protective factors for children′s psychological behavior development. Never breastfeeding(OR=2.071,95%CI:1.334-3.216,P=0.001),exclusive breastfeeding for more than 8 months(OR=1.793,95%CI:1.089-2.952,P=0.022),and poor care practices(OR=1.833,95%CI:1.047-3.211,P=0.034) were risk factors for children′s psychological behavior development. Conclusions Parenting environment is poor for left-behind children aged 0 to 3 years in rural areas,and there are many factors affecting the development of psychological behaviors. More targeted services and support are required to ensure the optimal development of left-behind children under 3 years old.
关键词
留守儿童 /
心理行为发育 /
贫困 /
农村地区
Key words
left-behind children /
psychological and behavioral development /
poverty /
rural area
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基金
联合国儿童基金会“儿童早期综合发展”项目(0860-A0-05-501-002)
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