目的 了解1～2岁幼儿依恋特征及幼儿依恋对其发育商的影响作用,并分析安全型依恋的相关因素,以指导母亲与幼儿建立良好的亲子关系。方法 2018年1-8月采用陌生情境试验对200名幼儿依恋状况进行测评,并通过Gesell发育诊断量表对幼儿发育商进行评估。母亲填写家庭成员一般资料,养育方式资料,以及Olson婚姻质量问卷。由幼儿主要抚养人填写幼儿气质问卷。通过t检验分析不同类型依恋关系的幼儿发育商是否存在统计学差异。通过χ²检验和Logistic回归分析研究安全型依恋的相关因素。结果 200名幼儿中,安全型依恋137人(68.5％);不安全型依恋63人(31.5%),其中回避型15人(7.5％),抗拒型44人(22.0％),混乱型4人(2.0%)。安全型依恋幼儿的发育商与不安全型依恋幼儿比较,差异有统计学意义(t=6.327,P＜0.01)。安全型依恋与夜间同父母亲同睡、父母高质量陪伴时间长短,以及母亲婚姻满意度存在明显相关性,(χ²＝5.644、7.484、10.711,P<0.05)。结论 幼儿依恋安全型比例较高;安全型依恋幼儿发育商明显高于不安全依恋幼儿。母亲日常生活中高质量陪伴幼儿,夜间幼儿与母亲同睡,以及母亲婚姻满意度高分对建立安全型依恋相当关键。

Objective To know about the feature of attachment of 1 to 2-year-old infants and the effect of attachment on development quotient,and to analyze the influential factors of secure attachment,in order to help establish a good parent-child relationship.Methods Totally 200 infants were tested with Strange Situation Procedure,and their development quotient was assessed by Gesell Development Scale from January to August 2018.Questionnaires including family members′ general information,rearing patterns and Olson quality of marriage,were filled in by mothers.And Child Temperament Questionnaire was filled out by main caregivers.The development quotient of different types of infant-mother attachment was analyzed by t test,and influential factors of secure attachment were analyzed by χ² test and Logistic regression analysis. Results Among 200 infants,there were 137 infants of secure attachment,15 infants of avoidant attachment,44 infants of resistant attachment,and 4 infants of disorganized attachment (totally 63 infants with insecure attachment type).There were significant differences on development quotient between safety attachment type and insecure attachment type (t=6.327,P＜0.01).On the contrary,significant correlations were found among the duration of sleeping with parents at night,high-quality company from parents and marital satisfaction of mothers(χ²＝5.644、7.484、10.711,P<0.05). Conclusions There is a higher ratio of secure attachment among infants in this study.Development quotient of infants with secure attachment is clearly higher than infants with insecure attachment.The key factors to build secure attachment include,sleeping with parents at night,high-quality company with infants and high score of marital satisfaction.