目的 评估我国婴幼儿认知和运动发展水平,了解我国儿童早期发展现状。方法 于2012年10月-2013年3月抽取全国8个省市1 026名2~30月龄足月、健康婴幼儿作为研究对象。通过问卷调查获得人口学及社会经济水平等因素,采用贝利婴幼儿发展量表第1版对婴幼儿进行发育评估。使用多元回归分析,探索婴幼儿认知发育及运动发育的影响因素。结果 我国2~30月龄婴幼儿平均认知发展指数102.38±17.58,平均运动发展指数为101.39±16.38。认知发育迟缓发生率为7.70%,运动发育迟缓发生率8.28%。控制混杂因素后,发现相较于母亲教育程度为大专及以上的人群,母亲受教育程度为初中及以下学历人群的认知发展指数和运动发展指数降低显著(β=-8.51,95%CI:-11.23~-5.78;β=-4.17,95%,CI:-6.79~-1.55)。结论 我国城乡地区婴幼儿早期发展水平较20年前有上升,母亲受教育程度对婴幼儿认知、运动发育有重要影响。
Abstract
Objective To assess the cognitive and motor development of young children in China, and to evaluate the status quo of early childhood development in China. Methods A total of 1 026 full-term healthy children at the age of 2-30 months old were selected by convenience sampling from 8 provinces in China from October 2012 to March 2013.Demographic and social economic status data were investigated by parent report questionnaire.Bayley Scales of Infant Development were used to assess the development of young children.Multiple regression analysis was conducted to explore risk factors of cognitive development and motor development in young children. Results The average cognitive development index of infants aged 2-30 months in China was 102.38±17.58,and the average motor development index was 101.39±16.38.Cognitive retardation rate was 7.70%, and motor development retardation rate was 8.28%.After adjusting for confounders, compared with those with maternal education higher than junior college, children with maternal education under middle school appeared to have significantly lower cognitive development index (β=-8.51, 95%CI:-11.23--5.78) and motor development index (β=-4.17, 95%CI:-6.79--1.55). Conclusions Early child development in China has improved since 20 years ago.Maternal education is significantly associated with young child's cognition and motor development.
关键词
婴幼儿 /
认知发育 /
运动发育 /
早期发展
Key words
infants /
cognition development /
motor development /
early development
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.content}}
参考文献
[1] Peet ED, McCoy DC, Danaei G, et al.Early childhood development and schooling attainment:Longitudinal evidence from british, finnish and philippine birth cohorts[J].PLoS One, 2015,10(9):e0137219.
[2] Daelmans B, Darmstadt GL, Lombardi J, et al.Early childhood development:the foundation of sustainable development[J].Lancet, 2017,389(10064):9-11.
[3] Black MM, Walker SP, Lch F, et al.Early childhood development coming of age:science through the life course[J].Lancet, 2017,389(10064):77-90.
[4] Mccoy DC, Waldman M, Fink G.Measuring early childhood development at a global scale:Evidence from the caregiver-reported early development instruments[J].Early Child Res Q, 2018,45:58-68.
[5] 王燕,王爱萍,孔莉芳,等.婴幼儿乳房发育的全国多中心研究初探[J].中华儿科杂志,2014,52(1):5-10.
[6] De OM, Garza C, Victora CG, et al.The WHO Multicentre Growth Reference Study:planning, study design, and methodology[J].Food & Nutrition Bulletin, 2004,25(Suppl 1):15-26.
[7] 李辉,朱宗涵,张德英.2005年中国九市七岁以下儿童体格发育调查[J].中华儿科杂志,2007,45(8):609-614.
[8] 杨芳,林青敏,王广海,等.我国婴幼儿睡床方式及其对睡眠结局影响的研究[J].中国儿童保健杂志,2018,26(6):602-605.
[9] 易受蓉,罗学荣,杨志伟,等.贝利婴幼儿发展量表在我国的修订(城市版)[J].中国临床心理学杂志,1993(2):71-75.
[10] Luo R, Shi Y, Zhou H, et al.Micronutrient deficiencies and developmental delays among infants:evidence from a cross-sectional survey in rural China[J].Bmj Open, 2015,5(10):e008400.
[11] Kiser B.Early child development:Body of knowledge[J].Nature, 2015,523(7560):286-289.
[12] 李辉. 中国儿童生长状况:营养和发育变化趋势[J].中国循证儿科杂志, 2009,4(5):405-410.
[13] 徐曼,刘小红,杜亚梅,等.陕西关中农村婴幼儿智力运动发育水平与影响因素分析[J].西安交通大学学报:医学版,2009,30(2):181-184.
[14] 徐曼,杨进,赵玲,等.356例北京农村地区婴幼儿智力运动发育特点及影响因素分析[J].中国妇幼保健,2015,30(17):2755-2758.
[15] 崔艺,高嘉琪,岳爱,等.贫困农村地区婴幼儿发展现状及风险因素分析的队列研究[J].中华儿科杂志,2018,56(2):103-109. [16] Tran TD, Luchters S, Fisher J.Early childhood development:impact of national human development, family poverty, pareting practices and access to early childhood education[J].Child Care Health Dev,2017,43(3):415-426.
[17] Richter LM, Daelmans B, Lombardi J, et al.Investing in the foundation of sustainable development:pathways to scale up for early childhood development[J].Lancet, 2017,389(10064):103-118.
[18] Vollmer S, Bommer C, Krishna A, et al.The association of parental education with childhood undernutrition in low- and middle-income countries:comparing the role of paternal and maternal education[J].Int J Epidemiol, 2017,46(1):312-323.
[19] Van Horne BS, Caughy MO, Canfield M, et al.First-time maltreatment in children ages 2-10 with and without specific birth defects:A population-based study[J].Child Abuse & Neglect, 2018,84:53-63.
[20] Mendelsohn AL, Huberman HS, Berkule SB, et al.Primary care strategies for promoting parent-child interactions and school readiness in at-risk families:the Bellevue Project for Early Language, Literacy, and Education Success[J].Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, 2011,165(1):33-41.
[21] Harding JF.Increases in maternal education and low-income children's cognitive and behavioral outcomes[J].Dev Psychol, 2015,51(5):583-599.
[22] 张云婷,赵瑾,单文婕,等.儿童早期发展评估工具及其在中国的开发应用[J].中华儿科杂志,2018,56(2):84-87.
基金
国家自然科学基金(81773443,81728017); 科技部重点专项(2016YFC1305203); 上海市科委优秀学术带头人计划(17XD1402800); 上海市科委国内合作项目(18695840200); 上海市卫计委重要薄弱学科建设项目(2016ZB0104); 上海交通大学“医工交叉研究基金”重点项目(YG2016ZD04); 贝因美食品研究院基金项目(RD04614026C)
PDF(599 KB)
