目的 了解北京市顺义区学龄前儿童行为问题流行现状,初探家庭环境因素对儿童行为问题的影响。方法 采用整群随机分层抽样方法,于2017年4-6月对顺义区4所幼儿园1 301名学龄前儿童采用Achenbach量表(CBCL)、家庭环境量表中文版(FES-CV)进行家长问卷调查。结果 学龄前儿童行为问题检出率为14.8%(192/1 301),男童检出率(16.9%)明显高于女童检出率(12.2%)(χ2=8.80,P=0.003)。行为问题组和对照组相比,男童在家庭环境的知识性(t=2.475,P=0.014)、娱乐性(t=2.340,P=0.021)方面差异有统计学意义,女童在家庭环境的矛盾性差异均有统计学意义(t=4.694,P=0.000);Logisitc回归分析结果显示矛盾性是儿童行为问题发生的危险因素(OR=1.154,P=0.004)。结论 学龄前儿童行为问题受家庭环境影响存在性别差异,对不同性别的行为问题儿童应制定个性化和有效的防治措施。
Abstract
Objective To explore the prevalence and general characteristic of behavior problems among preschool children in Shunyi district,in order to understand the relationship between family environment and behavior problems. Methods Totally 1 301 preschool children were selected from 4 kindergartens in Shunyi district by a clustered-random sampling from April to June 2017. Child Behavior Checklist(CBCL) and Family Environment Scale-Chinese Version(FES-CV) were used and filled out completed by parents. Results About 14.8% (192/1 301) of preschool children showed behavioral problems,in which 16.9% for boys and 12.2% for girls,and there was significant difference between boys and girls(χ2=8.80,P=0.003).Also,significant differences existed on intelligence(t=2.475,P=0.014)and recreation (t=2.340,P=0.021)in boys between behavioral problems group and control group. There was significant difference on conflict in girls between behavioral problems group and control group(t=4.694,P＜0.001). Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that conflict was an independent risk factor for behavioral problems(OR=1.154,P=0.004). Conclusions Behavioral problems of preschool children are affected by gender and family environment. It is supposed to make individual and effective measurements based on family environment and gender difference.
关键词
学龄前儿童 /
家庭环境 /
行为问题
Key words
preschool children /
family environment /
behavioral problems
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.content}}
参考文献
[1] 胡敏,静进.学龄前儿童行为问题影响因素进展[J].中国学校卫生,2011,32(4):509-512.
[2] Cicchetti D,Cohen DJ. The development and ecology of antisocial behavior in children and adolescents[M]//Developmental Psychopathology,Second Edition. John Wiley & Sons Inc,2015:503-541.
[3] 叶春红,顾莉萍,李璟,等.中山市学龄前儿童行为问题与家庭环境关系的调查研究[J].中国儿童保健杂志,2013,21(4):394-396.
[4] 焦鹏涛,刘培兰,李小红,等.家庭治疗对学龄前儿童行为问题的矫正作用[J].包头医学院学报,2017,33(6):10-12.
[5] Wichstrøm L,Belsky J,Steinsbekk S.Homotypic and heterotypic continuity of symptoms of psychiatric disorders from age 4 to 10 years:a dynamic panel model[J].J Child Psychol Psychiatry,2017,58(11):1239-1247.
[6] 刘雅静,贾美香,何亚萍,等.顺义区3~7岁学龄前儿童血铅水平与行为问题关系的研究[J].中国儿童保健杂志,2011,19(8):743-745.
[7] 陈宝林.儿童行为问题抑郁的影响因素[J].职业与健康,2015,31(3):402-404.
[8] 贾守梅,汪玲,施莹娟,等.学龄前儿童反应性攻击和主动性攻击行为与家庭环境关系的调查[J].中国儿童保健杂志,2011,19(12):1124-1127.
[9] 朱国伟,郭雯,王舒华,等.上海市徐汇区4~6岁学龄前儿童行为问题的现状调查[J].实用预防医学,2012,19(4):561-562.
[10] Mazza JR,Boivin M,Tremblay RE,et al. Poverty and behavior problems trajectories from 1.5 to 8 years of age:Is the gap widening between poor and non-poor children?[J].Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol,2016,51(8):1083-1092.
[11] Friedman CK,Ryan SR,Charles NE,et al.Child problems as a moderator of relations between maternal impulsivity and family environment in a high-risk Sample[J].Subst Use Misuse,2016,10:1-10.
[12] Mills-Koonce WR,Willoughby MT,Garrett-Peters P,et al. The interplay among socioeconomic status,household chaos,and parenting in the prediction of child conduct problems and callous-unemotional behaviors[J].Dev Psychopathol,2016,28(3):757-771.
[13] Wright JP,Cullen FT.Parental efficacy and delinquent behavior:Do control and support matter[J].Criminology,2010,39(3):677-706.
基金
北京市顺义区科委三经费项目(2015);北京市顺义区临床重点专科建设项目(2015QJTS14)
PDF(523 KB)
