目的 分析482例儿童意外伤害原因及特点,以期为儿童意外伤害的防范提供参考。方法 收集武汉大学人民医院自2014 年8月-2016年8月收治的482例儿童意外伤害病例资料,回顾分析其致伤原因及特征,探讨其伤情特点和防范措施。结果 482例意外伤害患儿中,学龄前期患儿意外伤害所占比为42.1%(203/482),明显高于其他年龄组(P<0.001);幼儿期和学龄前期儿童跌倒摔伤分别占81.8%(18/22)和49.3%(100/203),学龄初期和中期儿童打闹伤分别占63.0%(80/127)和60.8%(79/130),明显高于其他损伤类型(P<0.001);幼儿期和学龄前期的儿童口腔颌面部损伤分别占68.2%(15/22)和44.8%(91/203),学龄初期和中期的儿童四肢损伤分别占59.1%(75/127)和60.8%(79/130),明显高于其他部位损伤(P<0.001)。所有伤害类型中,交通意外伤98.0%(48/49)合并骨折或脏器损害,93.9%(46/49)为重度损伤,人均救治费用为21 038.4元,其伤害程度和人均救治费用均高于其他伤害类型。结论 儿童意外伤害原因及特点与年龄关系密切,应根据儿童所处年龄段开展针对性的预防和干预措施。

Objective To analyze the causes and characteristics of unintentional injuries among children,so as to provide scientific basis for prevention of the preschool children injury. Methods A total of 482 cases of children with unintentional injuries in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University were enrolled in this study from August 2014 to August 2016.The characteristics and causes of the unintentional injuries were analyzed retrospectively. Results Among 482 cases of children with unintentional injuries,the proportion of preschool children was 42.1%(203/482),which was significantly higher than that in other age groups(P<0.001).Fall injury accounted for 81.8% (18/22) and 49.3%(100/203) among infancy and preschool children,whereas play injury accounted for 63.0% (80/127) and 60.8% (79/130) among early-school and mid-school children,which was significantly higher than other injury types(P<0.001).Oral and maxillofacial injuries accounted for 68.2% (15/22) and 44.8% (91/203) among infancy and preschool children,whereas limb injuries accounted for 59.1%(75/127) and 60.8%(79/130) among early-school and mid-school children,which was significantly higher than other parts injuries(P<0.001).Among traffic accident injuries,98.0% (48/49) were complicated with fracture or organ damage,93.9% (46/49) were severe injuries,and the average cost of treatment was 21 038.4 yuan per person.The degree of injury and the average cost of treatment in traffic accident injuries were higher than those in other injury types. Conclusions Since the causes and characteristics of unintentional injuries among children are closely related to ages,targeted prevention and intervention measures should be carried out according to the age of children.