目的 分析低出生体重婴儿智能发育及产后母亲情绪变化特点,研究早期干预对低出生体重婴儿智能发育及对母亲情绪的影响。方法 2016年1月-2018年6月选取低出生体重婴儿及其母亲135例,随机分为干预组及对照组,干预组在常规体检的基础上,指导家庭干预训练,分别在婴儿3、9、18月龄时母亲填写抑郁自评量表(SDS)及焦虑自评量表(SAS)进行母亲情绪评估,同时医务人员对婴儿进行Gesell智能发育评估。结果 9月龄时,在大动作、应物及语言能区,干预组与对照组DQ值相比差异有统计学意义(t=2.514、2.032、3.266、P<0.05);18月龄时,在大动作、精细动作、语言能、应物能、应人能5个能区两组差异均有统计学意义(t=2.453、3.063、2.743、2.828、2.853,P<0.05)。用两因素重复测量方差分析对两组DQ值进行整体分析发现:5个能区的时间主效应差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);除粗大动作能区外,其余4个能区干预主效应差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);除语言能区外,其他4个能区的干预因素和时间因素均不存在交互作用(P>0.05)。9月龄时,干预组母亲SDS得分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组母亲在3、9、18月龄的SDS、SAS得分均呈递减趋势, 时间主效应差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),干预主效应差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 早期干预能够有效促进低出生体重婴儿智能发育,但对改善产后母亲情绪的作用有限。

Objective To analyze the effect of early intervention on the intellectual development of low birth weight infants and maternal emotion. Methods A cohort of 135 low birth weight infants and their mothers was selected from January 2016 to June 2018, and the participants were randomly divided into intervention group and control group.The control group was given routine physical examination, and the intervention group was given family intervention training additionally.At the age of 3,9,18 months old, infants received Gesell intellectual development check, and the mothers filled out the Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) and the Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) to assess their emotion status at the same time. Results At 9 months old, there were significant differences on the gross motor, adaptive behavior and the language area between intervention group and control group (t=2.514,2.32,3.266,P<0.05).And at the 18 months old, there were statistically significant on the all five major functional areas (t=2.453、3.063、2.743、2.828、2.853,P<0.05). Repeated analysis of variance showed that the time influence on five major functional areas of developmental quotient (DQ) was significant(P<0.05).And the differences on the major functional areas of DQ except the gross motor area between intervention group and control group were significant (P<0.05).There were interactions only on the language areas between the intervention effect and time.In terms of maternal emotion, SDS score of mothers in intervention group was significantly lower than that in control group at the age of 9 months old (P<0.05).The scores of SDS, SAS at the age of 3,9,18 months old in two groups showed a decreasing trend, and the time influence on the scores of SDS and SAS was significant(P<0.05), while the intervention effect was not significantly different(P>0.05). Conclusions Early intervention can promote the intellectual development of low birth weight infants, but has limited influence on improving maternal emotion to some extent.