目的 分析低出生体重早产儿生后2年内的生长模式及特点,以促进早产儿适宜的体格生长。方法 2012年1月-2015年12月选取青岛大学附属医院儿童保健科规律随访和管理的低出生体重早产儿123例,分为小于胎龄(SGA)儿和适于胎龄(AGA)儿,定期测量体重、身长、头围等数据,采用WHO Anthro软件,计算生后3、6、12、24月龄的体重、身长和头围Z 评分。采用重复测量资料方差分析比较不同特征早产儿生长指标情况。结果 1)早产儿总体体重、身长及头围在生后12个月内Z评分呈上升趋势,但在12~24月龄间Z评分上升不明显。2)SGA与AGA比较,组内效应分析显示:两组体重、身长、头围Z评分总体表现为上升趋势,增长速度以6月龄之前最快,后增速放缓,SGA组身长Z评分在12月龄后转为下降趋势。组间效应显示:在3~24月龄期间,SGA组生后各年龄组体重、身长及头围Z评分值均小于AGA组,差异有统计学意义(F=5.653、5.644、 7.163,P＜0.05)。AGA组在12、24月龄时体重、身长、头围接的评分接近于WHO标准同龄儿童的均值水平。结论 低出生体重早产儿在生后24个月内体重、身长和头围均有追赶生长,追赶生长主要发生在生后12个月内,呈先快后慢的模式,SGA 早产儿各月龄体格生长情况均低于AGA 早产儿。

Objective To investigate the growth pattern and characteristics of low birth weight preterm infants within 2 years after birth, in order to promote proper physical growth in preterm infants. Methods Totally 123 low birth weight preterm infantsin the Department of Child Health Care, the Affliated Hospital of Qingdao University were enrolled in this study from January 2012 to December 2015, and were divided into small gestational age (SGA) infants and appropriate gestational age (AGA) infants.Longitudinal follow-up and intervention management of all children were performed.Weight, length and head circumference were regularly measured at 3,6,12 and 24 months after birth and WHO Anthro software was used to calculate the Z-scores of weight,length and head circumference.The growth indicators of premature infants with different characteristics were compared by repeated measures analysis of variance. Results 1) The overall weight, length and head circumference of premature infants showed an upward trend in Z score within 12 months after birth, but the increase was not obvious at the ages of 12 to 24 months.2) Comparison between SGA and AGA: the intra-group effect analysis indicated that the Z-scores of weight, length and head circumference of SGA and AGA groups generally showed an upward trend, with the fastest growth rate before the age of 6 months and slower growth after that.The Z-scores of the length of SGA group turned to a downward trend after the age of 12 months.The intergroup effect showed that Z-scores of the weight, length and head circumference at all age stages in the SGA group were significantly lower than the AGA group during the age of 3-24 months (F=5.653,5.644,7.163, P<0.05).The Z scores of weight, length and head circumference of the AGA group at 12 months and 24 months were close to the mean value of WHO standard children at the same age. Conclusions Preterm infants with low birth weight have catch-up growth in weight, length and head circumference within 24 months after birth.The catch-up growth mainly occurs within 12 months after birth, and the speed of the catch-up growth goes quickly at first, and then the increase speed slows down.Physical growth of AGA premature infants is better than that of SGA premature infants.