目的 了解西安市1月~7岁儿童体格发育现状,以对儿童生长发育提供科学的健康指导方案。方法 采用分层整群抽样方法,调查西安市2015年1月-7岁儿童体格发育状况,调查指标包括体重、身高(身长)、头围、坐高、胸围和腰围,按年龄分21个调查组调查,共调查25 997人。结果 各项指标年龄越小增长速度越快,其中1月~3岁各年龄组间身高增长差异相对较大,3~7岁各年龄组间体重、胸围变化范围相对较大。男女各年龄组各指标在城区、郊区、郊县差异有统计学意义,主要表现在1~3月的体重、15月以上的身高、1~5月的头围、3~7岁各年龄组胸围和腰围。除5.5岁组女童外,体重、身高、坐高男女各年龄组均高于九市调查结果,头围、胸围和腰围略低于九市调查结果。男女各年龄组儿童身高、体重指标与WHO指标比较,年龄别体重,年龄别身高Z值均高于WHO标准,Z值在0.40~1.19之间。结论 西安市1月~7岁儿童体格生长发育城郊仍存在差异;体格发育水平在国内处于较高水平,也高于WHO公布的标准。

Objective To know about the physical growth and development of children aged 1 month to 7 years in Xi′an, in order to provide guidance for the growth and development. Methods Stratified cluster sampling method was adopted to investigate the physical growth and development of children aged 1 month to 7 years in Xi′an in 2015. The weight, height (length), head circumference and sitting height, chest circumference and waist circumference of children were collected. Totally 25 997 children were investigated and were classified into 21 age groups. Results The gap on the height increase among children aged 1 month to 3 years and the gap on the weight and chest circumference change among children aged 3 to 7 years were relatively large. There were differences on each index among urban, suburban and suburban counties groups between male and female at different age stages, mainly including body weight from 1 to 3 months, height above 15 months, head circumference from 1 to 5 months, chest circumference and waist circumference from 3 to 7 years old. The weight, height and sitting height of male and female in all age groups except 5.5-year-old girls were higher than the results of the nine cities survey, while head circumference, chest circumference and waist circumference were slightly lower than the results of the survey (P＜0.05). The weight for age Z score and height for age Z score were significantly higher than WHO standard, and Z value of children′s height and weight was 0.40-1.19. Conclusions Significant difference on physical growth and development of children aged 1 month to 7 years in Xi′an between suburban and urban areas still exists. Children′s physical growth and development is at a high level in the country and higher than the WHO standards.