目的 全面了解我国中学生健康素养的现状及存在的问题,为今后的健康教育工作提出重点及方向。方法 2015年1月-2017年2月采用多阶段整群抽样方法,抽取广东省、吉林省、河北省三省22所中学5 000名初中一、二年级,高中一、二年级学生,分别使用《初中生健康素养评价工具》和《高中生健康素养评价工具》进行健康素养调查,调查内容包括基本情况、健康知识、健康理念、健康技能和健康行为5个部分。结果 三省中学生健康素养平均得分为(69.67±10.04)分,具备基本健康素养的比例为11.5%;二元Logistic回归分析结果显示,来自吉林省(OR=4.15,95%CI:3.03~5.69)及河北省(OR=2.18,95%CI:1.61~2.96)、学校位于郊区(OR=1.25,95%CI:1.01~1.56)、母亲文化程度为高中(OR=1.26,95%CI:0.99~1.60)和大专及以上(OR=1.98,95%CI:1.53~2.57)、喜欢接受健康教育(OR=1.99,95%CI:1.45~2.71)的中学生具备基本健康素养的比例更高;高中生(OR=0.50,95%CI:0.40~0.63)以及仅从学校(OR=0.62,95%CI:0.45~0.85)或家庭(OR=0.73,95%CI:0.53~1.01)接受健康教育的中学生具备基本健康素养的比例更低。结论 我国中学生健康素养水平较低,家庭和学校需要在健康教育中承担相同的责任,健康教育应以学生喜闻乐见的形式展开。
Abstract
Objective To comprehensively understand the status and problem of health literacy among middle school students in three provinces, China, in order to provide suggestions for further health education. Methods Multistage sampling method was used to select 5 000 students from 22 junior high schools or senior high schools in Guangdong province, Jilin province and Hebei province from January 2015 to February 2017.The participants were surveyed by questionnaires which consist of basic data, health knowledge, health attitude, health skills and health behaviors. Results The average score of health literacy was 69.67±10.04, and the proportion of having basic health literacy was 11.5% among middle school students in Guangdong, Jilin, Hebei provinces.Binary Logistic analysis showed that students from Jilin(OR=4.15,95%CI:3.03-5.69) and Hebei(OR=2.18,95%CI:1.61-2.96), living in suburb areas(OR=1.25,95%CI:1.01-1.56), with maternal education of high school(OR=1.26,95%CI:0.99-1.60) or college and above(OR=1.98,95%CI:1.53-2.57), enjoying in accepting health education(OR=1.99,95%CI:1.45-2.71) had higher proportion of basic health literacy.And the students in senior high school(OR=0.50,95%CI:0.40-0.63), who only accepted health education from school (OR=0.62,95%CI:0.45-0.85)or family(OR=0.73,95%CI:0.53-1.01) had lower proportion of basic health literacy. Conclusions The health literacy level of middle school students in China is relatively low, so families and schools need to assume the same responsibilities in health education.Also, health education should be carried out in the forms students love to see and hear.
关键词
健康素养 /
健康教育 /
中学生 /
青少年
Key words
health literacy /
health education /
middle school students /
adolescents
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.content}}
参考文献
[1] Nutbeam D.Health literacy as a public goal:a challenge for contemporary health education and communication strategies into the 21st century[J]. Health Promot Int,2000,15(3):259-267.
[2] 余小鸣.学生健康素养的提升及对策[J].中国学校卫生,2015,36(7):965-967.
[3] Kanj M, Mitic W.Health Literacy and Health Promotion[C]//7th global conference on health promotion “promoting health and development:closing the implementation gap”,Nairobi, Kenya:2009.
[4] Baker DW, Parker RM, Williams MV, et al.Health literacy and the risk of hospital admission[J].J Gen Intern Med,1998,13:791-798.
[5] Bennett IM, Chen J, Soroui JS, et al.The contribution of health literacy to disparities in self-rated health status and preventive health behaviors in older adults[J].Ann Fam Med,2009,7(3):204-211.
[6] Sanders LM, Federico S, Klass P, et al.Literacy and child health:a system review[J]. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med,2009,163(2):131-140.
[7] Chisolm DJ, Manganello JA, Kelleher KJ, et al.Health literacy, alcohol expectancies, and alcohol use behaviors in teens[J]. Patient Edu Couns,2014,97(2):291-296.
[8] 谭雪庆,余小鸣,宋玉珍,等.3省市高中生健康素养与吸烟、
饮酒行为的关联分析[J]. 中国健康教育,2017,33(3):199-202.
[9] 唐庆蓉.上海市民办高职院校学生健康素养与健康危险行为相关性分析[J]. 中国学校卫生,2014,35(4):514-516.
[10] 张诗晨,杨蓉,万宇辉,等.中国六座城市中学生健康素养与意外伤害发生的关系[J].中国学校卫生,2018,39(2):185-188,192.
[11] 中华人民共和国中央人民政府.中共中央 国务院印发《“健康中国2030”规划纲要》[EB/OL]. [2016-10-25][2018-4-11]. http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/2016-10/25/content_5124174.htm.
[12] 仲启丰.“健康中国2030”国民健康素养促进的举措和目标解读[J].体育研究与教育,2018,33(1):23-28.
[13] 余小鸣,张芯,郭帅军,等.构建中小学生健康素养评价体系及工具的探索性研究[J].中国健康教育,2017,33(7):581-586.
[14] 余小鸣,郭帅军,王璐,等.高中生健康素养评价问卷的结构框架及信效度分析[J].中国学校卫生,2014,35(5):672-674,678.
[15] 国家卫生计生委宣传司.中国居民健康素养监测——第九届全球健康促进大会案例[EB/OL].[2016-11-22][2018-4-11].http://www.nhfpc.gov.cn/xcs/hyzl/201611/7c535f0 65c2a4e269ecd40cccaaf40dd.shtml.
[16] 刘贵浩,秦祖国,蓝晓芳,等.2012年广东省居民健康素养现状分析[J].中国健康教育,2015,31(2):164-167.
[17] 程蔼隽,张海容,鲍文,等.2012年河北省城乡居民健康素养监测分析[J].中国健康教育,2015,31(2):184-187.
[18] 卫薇,李英华,李方波,等.我国15～24岁居民健康素养现状分析[J].中国健康教育,2015,31(2):125-128,146.
[19] 王艳,温建,周艳霞,等.贵阳市白云区中学生健康素养现状及影响因素分析[J].中国初级卫生保健,2018,32(2):60-62.
[20] 张崇艳.呼和浩特市中学生健康素养现状[J].体育科技文献通报,2016,24(4):54-55.
[21] 庄润森,曹黎,朱敏贞,等.深圳市中学生健康素养状况及影响因素调查[J].中国公共卫生,2013,29(1):130-132.
[22] 罗春花.广州市部分高校学生健康素养现况及影响因素研究[D].广州:暨南大学,2013.
基金
教育部委托课题—学生健康素养评价指标体系研究(2013-2017)
PDF(696 KB)
