目的 掌握贵阳市5岁以下儿童营养现状,了解儿童营养状况的主要影响因素,为制订改善5岁以下儿童营养状况的措施提供依据。方法 采用分层随机整群抽样的方法抽取贵阳市4 221名5岁以下儿童作为研究对象,对其进行体格发育测量及用统一问卷对家长进行回顾性现场调查,应用SPSS17.0统计软件包进行统计学分析。结果 5岁以下儿童营养不良总患病率为7.37%,贵阳市5岁以下儿童肥胖患病率为2.42%;营养不良的主要影响因素有农村儿童、上呼吸道感染、6个月内非母乳喂养、任其独立进食、爱吃零食、母亲初中及以下文化程度。结论 贵阳市5岁以下儿童营养不良的总患病率较高,应引起政府相关部门及儿科、儿保医生和家长的重视。

Objective To explore the nutritional status and influencing factors in children under 5 years old,and to establish the foundation of health condition for these children. Methods A total of 4 221 children aged 0～5 years were selected by stratified random sampling in Guiyang.Physical growth was assessed and the participants' parents were surveyed using questionnaires by face-to-face interview.And data were analyzed with SPSS17.0 statistical software. Results The prevalence rates of malnutrition and obesity in children under 5 years old in Guiyang were 7.37%and 2.42%,respectively.The risk factors of malnutrition were associated with living in rural areas,upper respiratory tract infection,non-breastfeeding within six months,independent feeding,frequent snacking and low level of mother education. Conclusions The prevalence rate of malnutrition among children aged 0～5 years in Guiyang is high.An effective intervention strategy should be provided by relevant government and pediatricians.