目的 了解安徽省2岁以内婴幼儿的母乳喂养现状及影响因素,为有效提高母乳喂养率提供可靠依据。方法 采用随机整群抽样方法,抽取安徽省3个市9个社区医院儿童保健门诊,利用自行设计的调查问卷对1 019 名带着2岁以内儿童做常规体检的母亲进行调查。结果 安徽省6个月内纯母乳喂养率达到61.9%,合肥市母乳喂养率(64.5%)和混合喂养率(31.3%)最高,阜阳市的人工喂养率(12.3%)最高;选择人工喂养的主要原因是没有母乳。关于母乳喂养的好处,合肥和芜湖的母亲知晓率明显高于阜阳;多因素分析得知合肥和阜阳两市母乳喂养率与母亲职业有关,芜湖母乳喂养率与分娩方式有关(P<0.05)。结论 医疗机构应降低剖宫产率,加强医护人员对母乳喂养知识的宣传,延长哺乳假,公共场所提供母婴保健室,全社会共同参与,提高母乳喂养率。

Objective To investigate the status and influencing factors of breastfeeding among two-year-old infants in Anhui province,in order to effectively improve the breastfeeding rate in Anhui province and to provide a reliable basis. Methods Using random cluster sampling method,1 019 mothers with 2-year-old children who did regular physical examination were enrolled from nine Streets Community Hospital child health care Branch in three cities,and were investigated by using the questionnaires. Results The rate of exclusive breastfeeding rate within six months reached 61.9% in Anhui province.Breastfeeding rate (64.5%) and mixed feeding rate (31.3%) were the highest in Hefei.Fuyang showed the highest rate of bottle feeding (12.3%).The main reason for choosing bottle feeding was insufficient milk supply.In term of the benefits of breastfeeding,maternal awareness rate in Hefei and Wuhu was significantly higher than that in Fuyang.Multivariate analysis showed breastfeeding rates were related to mother occupation in Hefei and Fuyang,but breastfeeding rates in Wuhu were related to modes of delivery(P<0.05). Conclusions Medical institutions should reduce cesarean section rate,strengthen the publicity and popularization of breastfeeding knowledge by medical staff.Also,prolonging breastfeeding leave and providing maternal and child health room in public places may help to improve the breastfeeding rate.