目的 研究小学生肺功能健康状况影响因素,为呼吸道疾病的预防与控制提供依据。方法 于2013年用分层抽样的方法选择广州市某小学3~5年级共300名小学生,进行问卷调查和肺功能检测。调查学生个体特征、家庭社会经济情况、父母家族史与过敏史、家居环境、出行模式。结果 肺功能正常和异常的学生性别、家周围100 m内垃圾站污染情况、驱蚊剂和空气清新剂使用情况、既往哮喘和荨麻疹史、家族哮喘史、室内和室外停留时间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。使用空气清新剂习惯(OR=9.29)和既往荨麻疹史(OR=3.56)均为肺功能异常的危险因素。结论 使用空气清新剂习惯、既往荨麻疹史是肺功能健康状况的影响因素。

Objectives To explore the influencing factors of pulmonary function among elimentary school children,and to provide the basis for respiratory disease prevention and control. Methods In 2013,totally 300 students of Grade 3~5 from an elementary school in Guangzhou were selected using a stratified sampling method.Impacts of different factors on the pulmonary function of elementary school students were analyzed.Variables including individual characteristics,family society economical status (SES),parental allergic diseases,residence environment factors,travel patterns were collected. Results Factors significantly associated with lung function included contamination of garbage station within 100 meters of the students' house,usage of mosquito repellents and air freshener,past history of asthma and urticaria,family asthma history,and time spent both indoor and outdoor (all P<0.05).Frequent use of air freshener (OR=9.29) and past history of urticarial (OR=3.56) increased the risk of pulmonary malfunction. Conclusions Both the usage of air freshener and history of urticaria are the influencing factors of pulmonary function.