目的 了解伊宁市中小学生近视与遗传的关系,为能有效防治提供参考依据。方法 采用随机整群抽样方法,在2015-2016年对伊宁市随机抽样的6所学校(市区和镇区各3所)进行问卷调查及视力筛查;采用SPSS 19.0软件及Falconer法进行统计分析。结果 2 879名学生中,近视学生997名(占34.6%);不同族别、不同性别、不同学习阶段的学生近视患病分布情况的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);近视学生二级亲属遗传度高于一级亲属遗传度,重度近视学生的遗传度较高(0.560 4±0.066 3);汉族学生遗传度(0.487 1±0.026 5)高于维族学生、女生遗传度(0.487 1±0.026 5)高于男生、小学生遗传度(0.611 9±0.045 0)高于中学生。结论 有近视家族史的学生比无家族史的学生更容易发生近视。

Objective To understand the relationship between myopia and genetic of primary and middle school students in Yining. Methods By a randomized cluster sampling method,in 2015-2016 in Yining City,a random sample of 6 schools (urban and Township 3) conducted a questionnaire survey and vision screening; statistical analysis was performed using SPSS19.0 software and Falconer method. Results Totally 997 students myopia among 2 879 students (34.6%) were investigated;There were statistically significant differences in prevalence of myopia in different nationality,different genders,different stages of learning (P<0.05);The heritability of secondary students was higher than that of first-degree relatives,while that of severe myopia was higher (0.560 4±0.066 3).Han students heritability (0.487 1±0.026 5) was higher than that of Uygur students,female students heritability (0.487 1±0.026 5) was higher than that of male students,pupils heritability (0.611 9±0.045 0) was higher than middle school students. Conclusion Students who have a family history of myopia are more likely to be short sighted than those without family history.