目的 了解湖南省农村贫困地区婴幼儿营养性贫血情况,为制定农村贫困地区婴幼儿贫血综合防控措施提供依据。方法 采用概率比例规模抽样(PPS)、系统抽样相结合的方法,调查2012-2015年湖南省贫困地区6~24月龄婴幼儿家庭基本情况,并测量其血红蛋白含量、体重和身长。结果 14 082名6~24月龄婴幼儿总贫血患病率32.7%,2012-2015年6~24月龄婴幼儿贫血患病率分别为39.6%、31.4%、36.4%、30.8%,随时间推移逐渐下降(P<0.05)。男童贫血患病率高于女童(P<0.05)。6～、12～、18~24月龄婴幼儿贫血患病率分别为42.7%、33.6%、24.5%,患病率随年龄增大逐渐下降(P<0.05)。低体重婴幼儿贫血患病率高于非低体重婴幼儿,低体质指数婴幼儿贫血患病率高于非低体质指数婴幼儿(P<0.05);消瘦婴幼儿贫血患病率高于非消瘦婴幼儿,生长迟缓婴幼儿贫血患病率高于非生长迟缓婴幼儿,但差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。父亲学历高低对婴幼儿贫血患病率无影响(P>0.05),母亲学历高者贫血患病率低于母亲学历低者(P<0.05)。结论 湖南省农村贫困地区6~24月龄婴幼儿贫血患病率较高,有必要采取综合性措施改善婴幼儿营养状况,降低婴幼儿贫血患病率。

Objective To describe the statue of anemia among infants and young children aged 6~24 months in poor rural areas of Hunan Province,providing a preference for carrying out the comprehensive prevention of control of infants anemia in poor rural areas. Methods Probability-Proportional-to-Size Sampling (PPS) and systematic sampling were adopted,status of family was surveyed with a questionnaire,and hemoglobin,body weight and height were measured among infants and young children aged 6~24 months in poor rural areas of Hunan Province. Results A total of 14082 infants and young children aged 6~24 months were investigated.The prevalence of anemia of the infants was 32.7%.The prevalence of anemia were 39.6%,31.4%,36.4% and 30.8%,respectively from 2012 to 2015.The prevalence of anemia of the boys was higher than that of girls(P<0.05),the prevalence of anemia of infants in 6~ month-old,12~ month-old and 18~24 month-old were 42.7%,33.6% and 24.5%,respectively.The prevalence of anemia decreased with the increasing age.The prevalence of anemia of the underweight infants was higher than that of normal and the prevalence of anemia of the low body mass index (BMI) infants was higher than that of normal(P<0.05).The prevalence of nutritional status anemia of the wasting infants was higher than that of normal and the prevalence of anemia of the stunting infants was higher than that of normal,but there was no significant statistical difference(P>0.05).The prevalence of anemia of the infants whose father with higher education was lower than the infants whose father with lower education(P>0.05).Compared with the infants whose mother with higher education,the prevalence of anemia of the infants whose mother with lower education was higher(P<0.05). Conclusions The prevalence of anemia among infants and young children in poor rural areas of Hunan Province is high.It is essential to take comprehensive interventions to improve infants malnutrition and decrease the prevalence of anemia among infants and young children in rural areas.