目的 了解中国西部14县3岁以下儿童的低体重患病状况,探索儿童低体重危险因素,为改善儿童营养状况提供科学依据。方法 采用按容量比例概率抽样法(PPS),于2011年9-10月调查了我国西部14个县2 999名3岁以下儿童看护人并测量了3 051名3岁以下儿童的体重,低体重采用世界卫生组织2006年的标准作为评价标准。结果 被调查地区3岁以下儿童的低体重患病率为5.8%,家庭人均年纯收入越高,儿童的低体重患病率越低(趋势χ²=30.729,P<0.001),生活在Ⅳ类农村的儿童的低体重患病率高于生活在Ⅰ、Ⅱ类型农村的儿童,差异有统计学意义(OR=4.14,95%CI:1.88~9.14),膳食摄入没有达到多样性的儿童更易患低体重(OR=1.63,95%CI:1.09~2.43)。结论 被调查地区儿童低体重患病状况与以往调查相比有所改善,但仍处于较高水平,改善当地经济状况,同时宣传教育儿童看护人科学合理地喂养儿童是改善被调查地区儿童低体重患病状况的关键。

Objective To understand the underweight status of children under 3 years old in 14 counties in the western areas of China and to explore the relative factors so as to provide reasonable suggestions for improving the nutrition status of children. Methods With probability-proportional-to-size sampling,2 999 caregivers were interviewed and the weight of 3 051 children under 3 years old were measured during September and October of 2011.Whether the child was underweight or not was judged by the WHO evaluation standard published in 2006. Results The prevalence of underweight among children under 3 years old in the survey area was 5.8%.The results suggested that low household income (χ²=30.729,P<0.001),living in Ⅳ rural region (OR=4.14,95%CI:1.88~9.14),insufficient dietary intake diversity (OR=1.63,95%CI:1.09~2.43) were the risk factors of child underweight. Conclusions The prevalence of underweight of children in the surveyed areas is improved comparing with the results from previous studies,but the prevalence is still at a high level.Improving the local economic level and popularizing knowledge of scientific feeding is the key to reduce the prevalence rate of underweight of children.